4MV
The 4MV planetary probe (short for 4th-generation Mars-Venus probe) is a designation for a common design used for Soviet unmanned probes to Mars and Venus. It was an incremental improvement of earlier 3MV probes and was used for Mars missions 4 to 7 and Venera missions 9 to 16. The same base design was used for some earth-orbiting space observatories.[1]
M-71 - 3MS version
M-73 - 3MP version
Astron
Design
The spacecraft bus has a height of 2.8 meters (9 ft 2 in) and a solar panel span of 6.7 meters (22 ft). The central section of the bus has a diameter of about one meter (3 ft 3 in) and contained propellant. The main engine (KRD-425A) is encircled by a conical instrument compartment with the diameter of 2.35 meters (7 ft 9 in) at the base.[2]
Variants
- Mars M-69: M-69 s/n 521, M-69 s/n 522
- Mars M-71|3MS:Cosmos 419 (M-71|3MS s/n 170), Mars 2 (M-71 s/n 171), Mars 3 (M-71 s/n 172)
- Prognoz: Prognoz 1 to 9, Intercosmos 23
- Mars M-73|3MS|3MP: Mars 4 (M-73|3MS s/n 52S), Mars 5 (M-73|3MS s/n 53S), Mars 6 (M-73|3MP s/n 50P), Mars 7 (M-73|3MP s/n 51P)
- Venera 4V-1: Venera 9 (4V-1 s/n 660), Venera 10 (4V-1 s/n 661), Venera 11 (4V-1 s/n 360), Venera 12 (4V-1 s/n 361), Venera 13 (4V-1 s/n 760), Venera 14 (4V-1 s/n 761)
- Astron: Astron
- Venera 4V-2: Venera 15 (4V-2 s/n 860), Venera 16 (4V-2 s/n 861)
- Granat: Granat
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gollark: Specifically, to avoid making Macron
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