1211th Test Squadron

The 1211th Test Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force unit. It was last assigned to the 9th Weather Reconnaissance Group, stationed at Kirtland AFB, New Mexico. It was inactivated on 8 June 1963.

1211th Test Squadron
Martin RB-57D-2 53-3979 collecting atmospheric data during Juniper Nuclear bomb test; Operation Hardtack I 22 July 1958 at Bikini Atoll
Active1953–1963
CountryUnited States
BranchUnited States Air Force
TypeAtmospheric Sampling
Insignia
Patch showing 1211th Test Squadron emblem
Patch showing 4926th Test Squadron emblem

History

The squadron conducted nuclear cloud sampling during atmospheric testing.

The idea of atomic cloud sampling developed from atmospheric testing during Operation Sandstone in the spring of 1948. During the operation, an aircraft accidentally flew through an atomic cloud. An analysis of the radiation dosages received by the crewmembers was found to be minor and led to the realization that sampling could be accomplished effectively with manned aircraft.

Analyses of samples collected from atomic clouds were considered the most accurate method of determining the efficiency and yield of a nuclear device. Air Force Special Weapons Center (AFSWC) scientists accompanied the squadron on sampling missions in order to assess effects on humans. The Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) recommended that the USAF establish an organization specifically for gathering cloud samples.

In 1953, HQ, USAF approved a test squadron for sampling atomic clouds; the squadron was titled the 4926th Test Squadron (Sampling) and assigned to the 4925th Test Group (Atomic). The new squadron was created within AFSWC's 4925th Test Group (Atomic), as the group, up to that time, had assisted the AEC and AFSWP in nuclear weapons effects tests and had actually developed operational techniques for airborne sampling of the effects. These included in-flight laboratories to gather airborne data on test results, piloted and drone aircraft to sample radioactive clouds, safety aircraft to measure radioactivity in areas surrounding tests, and nuclear-cloud-tracking aircraft to establish fallout patterns.

Initially using the F-84G Thunderjet, The B-57B Canberra was first used during Operation Teapot in 1955. By 1956, the B-57B was a staple of the AFSWC sampling program. In addition to the dedicated men of the 4926th TS, many aircraft and crews were pulled from operational squadrons around the Air Force to help formulate procedures to operate successfully in a nuclear environment, if necessary. Flying the B-57, the 4926th Test Squadron (Sampling) participated in many operations, the majority at the Nevada Test Site and the remainder at Eniwetok Atoll.

In April 1961, shortly after Air Research and Development Command was redesignated Air Force Systems Command, the squadron was transferred to Air Weather Service and renumbered 1211.[1]

With the end of atmospheric nuclear testing in 1963, the squadron was discontinued. Its personnel and aircraft were reassigned to the 58th Weather Reconnaissance Squadron.[2][3][4][5]

Lineage
  • Designates as the 4926th Test Squadron (Sampling) and organized on 1 April 1953
Redesignated 1211th Test Squadron (Sampling) on 16 August 1961
Discontinued on 8 June 1963

Assignments
Attached to 4930th Test Support Group during nuclear tests in the Pacific, 1953–1961
Attached to 4935th Air Base Squadron during nuclear tests in Nevada, 1953–1961
  • 4950th Test Group (Nuclear), 1 September 1956
  • 4925th Test Group (Atomic), 1960
  • 9th Weather Reconnaissance Group, 16 August 1961 – 8 June 1963

Stations
Operated from: Bucholz Army Airfield, Kwajalein Atoll, Marshall Islands (During nuclear tests)
Operated from: Indian Springs Air Force Auxiliary Field, Nevada (During nuclear tests)

Operations

Aircraft
  • F-84G Thunderjet, 1953–1955
  • B-57B Canberra, 1955–1963
  • RB-57D Canberra, 1957–1963
gollark: Nuclear fission is much better than the alternatives of... fossil fuels, and the vague idea of eventually having renewables power everything somehow.
gollark: Also possible future deaths due to consequences of climate change.
gollark: You should make *me* the owner.
gollark: Idea: sneak into oil wells, and add enriched uranium to them, so they'll HAVE to use nuclear power!
gollark: And renewables cannot practically be scaled up enough very fast, and have all kinds of problems.

References

Notes
  1. See Mueller, p. 292
  2. National Register of Historic Places Historic Context and Evaluation For Kirtland Air Force Base Albuquerque, New Mexico Archived 3 May 2012 at the Wayback Machine
  3. Hearst Magazines (October 1957). "They sample "hot clouds"". Popular Mechanics. Hearst Magazines. p. 56.
  4. Colonel Paul H. Fackler
  5. History of the 4950th Test Group (Nuclear)

Bibliography

 This article incorporates public domain material from the Air Force Historical Research Agency website http://www.afhra.af.mil/.

Further reading

  • Mikesh, Robert C. Martin B-57 Canberra: The Complete Record. Atglen, Pennsylvania: Schiffer Publishing Ltd., 1995. ISBN 0-88740-661-0.
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