1-Naphthaleneacetic acid

1-Naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) is an organic compound with the formula C10H7CH2CO2H. This colorless solid is soluble in organic solvents. It features a carboxylmethyl group (CH2CO2H) linked to the "1-position" of naphthalene.

1-Naphthaleneacetic acid
Names
IUPAC name
2-(1-Naphthyl)acetic acid
Other names
1-Naphthaleneacetic acid
α-Naphthaleneacetic acid
Naphthylacetic acid
NAA
Napthoxy acetic acid
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChEBI
ChEMBL
ChemSpider
DrugBank
ECHA InfoCard 100.001.551
KEGG
UNII
Properties
C12H10O2
Molar mass 186.210 g·mol−1
Appearance White powder
Melting point 135 °C (275 °F)
0.42 g/L (20 °C)
Acidity (pKa) 4.24[1]
Hazards
Safety data sheet SIRI.org sciencelab.com
Related compounds
Related Auxins
 Indole-3-acetic acid
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Infobox references

Use and regulation

NAA is a synthetic plant hormone in the auxin family and is an ingredient in many commercial plant rooting horticultural products; it is a rooting agent and used for the vegetative propagation of plants from stem and leaf cuttings. It is also used for plant tissue culture.[2]

The hormone NAA does not occur naturally, and, like all auxins, is toxic to plants at high concentrations. In the United States, under the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA), products containing NAA require registration with the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) as pesticides.

Use and analysis

NAA is widely used in agriculture for various purposes. It is considered to be only slightly toxic but when at higher concentrations it can be toxic to animals. This was shown when tested on rats via oral ingestion at 1000–5900 mg/kg.[3] NAA has been shown to greatly increase cellulose fiber formation in plants when paired with another phytohormone called gibberellic acid. Because it is in the auxin family it has also been understood to prevent premature dropping and thinning of fruits from stems. It is applied after blossom fertilization. Increased amounts can actually have negative effects however, and cause growth inhibition to the development of plant crops. It has been used on many different crops including apples, olives, oranges, potatoes, and various other hanging fruits. In order for it to obtain its desired effects it must be applied in concentrations ranging from 20–100 µg/mL.[4] NAA present in the environment undergoes oxidation reactions with hydroxyl radicals and sulfate radicals. Radical reactions of NAA were studied using pulse radiolysis technique. Hydroxyl adduct radical was formed as the intermediate during the reaction of hydroxyl radical with NAA. The intermediate naphtyl methyl radical was formed during the reaction of sulfate radical anion with NAA.[5]

In micropropagation of various plants, NAA is typically added to a medium containing nutrients essential to the plants' survival. It is added to help induce root formation in various plant types. It can also be applied by spraying it onto plants and which is typical in agricultural use. It is prohibited in many areas to use it in high concentrations due to the health concerns towards humans and other animals.

NAA can be detected by HPLC-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS).[6]

Derivative uses
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See also

References
  1. Dippy, J. F. J.; Hughes, S. R. C.; Laxton, J. W. (1954). "Chemical Constitution and the Dissociation Constants of Monocarboxylic Acids. Part XIV. Monomethylcyclohexanecarboxylic Acids". Journal of the Chemical Society (Resumed). 1954: 4102–4106. doi:10.1039/JR9540004102.
  2. US patent 6800482, Morikawa, H.; Takahashi, M., "Cultured cells of Australian laurel, Pittosporaceae and a method for culturing tissues by using said cultured cells", issued 2004-10-05
  3. Tomlin, C.D.S., 2006. The Pesticide Manual, 14th ed. UK
  4. A. Navalón, R. Blanc, J.L. Vilchez Determination of 1-naphthylacetic acid in commercial formulations and natural waters by solid-phase spectrofluorimetry Mikcrochim. Acta, 126 (1997), pp. 33–38
  5. Naduvilpurakkal B. Shibin, Radhakrishnan Sreekanth, Usha K. Aravind, Kadavilpparampu M. Afsal Mohammed, Narayana V. Chandrashekhar, Jayan Joseph, Sisir K. Sarkar, Devidas B. Naik and Charuvila T. Aravindakumar. Radical chemistry of glucosamine naphthalene acetic acid and naphthalene acetic acid: a pulse radiolysis study. J. Phys. Org. Chem., 2014
  6. M.J. Benotti, F.P. Lee, R.A. Rieger, C.R. Iden, C.E. Heine, B.J. Brownawell HPLC/TOF-MS: an alternative to LC/MS/MS for sensitive and selective determination of polar organic contaminants in the aquatic environment Ferrer Imma, E.M. Thurman (Eds.), Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry, MS/MS and Time of Flight MS, American Chemical Society, New York (2003), pp. 109–127
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