Arta, Djibouti

Arta
Arta; Carta (Somali); عرته (Arabic)
	Town
	A view of the Gulf of Tadjoura from Arta.
	Arta Location in Djibouti
	Coordinates: 11°31′N 42°50′E
Country	Djibouti
Region	Arta
Established	17th century
Area
• Total	2 km2 (0.8 sq mi)
Elevation	755 m (2,477 ft)
Population
• Total	11,043
Time zone	UTC+3 (EAT)
Climate	BSh

Arta (Arabic: عرته‎, Somali: Carta) is a town in southeastern Djibouti. The center of the Arta Region, it is the country's sixth-largest city. As of 2010, the population was 11,043. Arta is situated on the Mountains of Arta and is famous for its mild climate. It is located some 41 kilometres (25 miles) west of the national capital, Djibouti City.

History

A view of the Gulf of Tadjoura from Arta (1970).

The Arta settlement is several centuries old. During the Middle Ages, it was ruled by the Ifat and Adal sultanates. Arta later formed a part of the French Somaliland protectorate in the first half of the 20th century. In the December 1942 British invasion of French Somaliland, about 700 British troops and Free French troops occupied the town. Under French colonial rule in 1946, a new housing estate and hill station was built.[1] Arta's climate lent itself to becoming the prime sanctuary of the French civil servants in Djibouti. In 1963, representatives of the two ethnic groups of Djibouti, the Afar and the Issa, formulated the "Declaration of Arta", in which they professed cohesion under the protection of France. They argued against the influence of the large independent neighboring countries of Ethiopia and Somalia and against the connection to one of these countries.

From May 2, 2000,[2] peace talks between various factions of the Somali Civil War were held in the city with some 810 delegates, resulting in the establishment of the Transitional National Government of Somalia.[3]

Geography and climate

It lies at an elevation of 755 metres (2,477 feet) above sea level. It lies on highlands known as the Arta Mountains. The temperate central portion, where Arta lies, is situated on a rocky highland plateau, which over looks the coastal plains. The town is connected to other environs by National Highway 4. Public buses go from Djibouti City to Arta. It takes half an hour to get to Arta. A contracted bus ride from Djibouti city to Arta can charge between 350 Djiboutian franc. We`a is situated just down the mountain, around 3 kilometres (1.9 miles) to the south.

Sunshine is abundant in the town, averaging eight to ten hours a day year-round. It is lowest during the wet season, when there is some coastal fog and greater cloud coverage as warm air passes over the mountains.

Arta has a Semi-arid climate (BSh) by the Köppen-Geiger system.

Climate data for Arta
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Average high °C (°F)	25.9 (78.7)	26.2 (79.2)	26.9 (80.4)	28.1 (82.6)	29.3 (84.8)	33.4 (92.2)	36.2 (97.1)	35.7 (96.2)	31.7 (89.0)	27.6 (81.6)	26.7 (80.0)	26.3 (79.4)	29.5 (85.1)
Average low °C (°F)	15.1 (59.2)	16.9 (62.5)	18.2 (64.8)	19.8 (67.7)	21.4 (70.6)	23.7 (74.7)	25.6 (78.0)	25.1 (77.1)	23.3 (74.0)	20.1 (68.1)	17.6 (63.6)	15.3 (59.6)	20.2 (68.3)
Average rainfall mm (inches)	30 (1.2)	27 (1.1)	26 (1.0)	30 (1.2)	16 (0.6)	1 (0.0)	9 (0.4)	20 (0.8)	10 (0.4)	12 (0.5)	43 (1.7)	12 (0.5)	236 (9.4)
Source 1: Climate-Data.org, altitude: 755m[4]
Source 2: Levoyageur[5]

Demographics

As of 2013, the population of Arta has been estimated to be 11,043. The town inhabitants belong to various mainly Afro-Asiatic-speaking ethnic groups, with the Issa Somali predominant.

Twin towns – sister cities

Arta is twinned with:

Country	Town
Malta	Mġarr
Greece	Kandanos
Ethiopia	Harar

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References

Thompson, Virginia; Adloff, Richard (1968). Djibouti and the Horn of Africa. Stanford University Press. p. 46. ISBN 978-0-8047-0650-6.
Seddon, David (15 April 2013). A Political and Economic Dictionary of Africa. Routledge. p. 174. ISBN 978-1-135-35555-5.
Yearbook of the United Nations: 2000 Edition. United Nations Publications. 1 January 2002. p. 215. ISBN 978-92-1-100857-9.
"Climate: Arta - Climate graph, Temperature graph, Climate table". Climate-Data.org. Retrieved 25 September 2013.
"DJIBOUTI - ARTA : Climate, weather, temperatures". Levoyageur. Retrieved 25 September 2016.

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[ThompsonAdloff1968-1] Thompson, Virginia; Adloff, Richard (1968). Djibouti and the Horn of Africa. Stanford University Press. p. 46. ISBN 978-0-8047-0650-6.

[Seddon2013-2] Seddon, David (15 April 2013). A Political and Economic Dictionary of Africa. Routledge. p. 174. ISBN 978-1-135-35555-5.

[Nations2002-3] Yearbook of the United Nations: 2000 Edition. United Nations Publications. 1 January 2002. p. 215. ISBN 978-92-1-100857-9.

[Climate-Data.org-4] "Climate: Arta - Climate graph, Temperature graph, Climate table". Climate-Data.org. Retrieved 25 September 2013.

[Levoyageur-5] "DJIBOUTI - ARTA : Climate, weather, temperatures". Levoyageur. Retrieved 25 September 2016.