I believe that you can not get the data from disk after you formatted the disk. You can only get the data using recovery software in case of data delete. Please check whether you are able to recover the whole data from the formatted disk .If you can then mount it as a secondary disk in any windows machine and copy the files from the location.
The registry files can be fetched from two different location default location and from repair folder.
copy drive_letter\windows\system32\config\system drive_letter\backup\windows\tmp\system.bak
copy drive_letter\windows\system32\config\software drive_letter\backup\windows\tmp\software.bak
copy drive_letter\windows\system32\config\sam drive_letter\backup\windows\tmp\sam.bak
copy drive_letter\windows\system32\config\security drive_letter\backup\windows\tmp\security.bak
copy drive_letter\windows\system32\config\default drive_letter\backup\windows\tmp\default.bak
copy drive_letter\windows\repair\system drive_letter\backup\windows\system32\config\system
copy drive_letter\windows\repair\software drive_letter\backup\windows\system32\config\software
copy drive_letter\windows\repair\sam drive_letter\backup\windows\system32\config\sam
copy drive_letter\windows\repair\security drive_letter\backup\windows\system32\config\security
copy drive_letter\windows\repair\default drive_letter\backup\windows\system32\config\default
1doesn't windows still keep the registry in a file? – Xen2050 – 2014-12-19T16:25:52.117
There isn't a single file. So data recovery is unlikely for that reason. Here are the locations of those files
– Ramhound – 2014-12-19T16:25:55.777