* SOLUTION *
After Oliver pointed out that shift+delete is a keyboard shortcut for Cut (just like Ctrl+x) I started looking for a way to turn this "feature" off.
The only solution I've found is to use AutoHotKey (free). Here's some basic setup instructions for anyone else that's interested:
First, install AutoHotKey, run it and allow it to create (and open) the example/default AutoHotkey.ahk script when it prompts you. Add the following to the script:
+Delete::
KeyWait, Shift
Send, {Delete}
return
I'm not sure but you may have to "reload" the script before it starts working (I reloaded before testing). To reload, bring the AutoHotKey app to the foreground and press Ctrl+R (or click File -> Reload Script).
If you're happy with the results then you'll probably want to setup AutoHotKey to run automatically on startup. This is done by selecting the AutoHotkey.ahk file (in your 'My Documents' folder) and then going to your startup folder (C:\Users\%username%\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Windows\Start Menu\Programs\Startup) and clicking "Paste Shortcut" from the "Edit" menu (Press Alt+E if you don't see an menu bar).
In testing, this fix worked great for me on Windows 7. Thanks to Oliver for identifying the underlying problem! :-)
For those that saw my original post--I cleaned up the title and the description to remove irrelevant info. – Jeremy – 2012-05-24T16:26:55.417
2as a side note, installing ClipX means you don't have to worry about losing the data on your clipboard (downside: can't live without it now!) – Simon – 2012-05-24T16:58:35.593
After Oliver pointed out the underlying cause of the problem I looked around for a permanent solution. I posted my findings as an "Answer" below. – Jeremy – 2012-05-24T19:31:29.457
There's one work around if you use Visual Studio: use Ctrl+Shift+V to browse the clipboard history. – Laurent Couvidou – 2012-05-24T21:28:16.677
If you're losing what was in your clipboard buffer, a handy little tool to download (assuming you're on windows) is a tool called ClipX (http://bluemars.org/clipx/)
– Roy Rico – 2012-05-24T23:12:50.497Am I old if this is my primary way of copy&pasting? – Doug T. – 2012-05-26T00:03:04.317