You'll be able to telnet onto port 80 of almost any website, including google. Your problem is that you did not include the port.
telnet google.com 80
Trying 216.58.220.238...
Connected to google.com.
Escape character is '^]'.
Just for fun, let's see what other ports google has open:
nmap google.com
Starting Nmap 7.01 ( https://nmap.org ) at 2017-06-13 17:11 KST
Nmap scan report for google.com (216.58.220.238)
Host is up (0.040s latency).
Other addresses for google.com (not scanned): 2404:6800:4004:806::200e
Not shown: 998 filtered ports
PORT STATE SERVICE
80/tcp open http
443/tcp open https
Just the two services. http and https. If you check your browser, you'll notice you're always redirected from http to https when you go to google. We can see that port 443 is an open port from the information we received from nmap. Let's confirm:
telnet google.com 443
Trying 216.58.220.238...
Connected to google.com.
Escape character is '^]'.
And that's all there is to it.