It looks to me like the OP is asking to choose between multiple SMTP addresses assigned to an individual user's Exchange mailbox.
You cannot choose from the various SMTP (or other proxy types) set on the user's mailbox object in the Active Directory in Outlook. @Stephen Jennings describes how to choose a different recipient object to send "From", but the default SMTP address for the object you select will be stamped on the outgoing message.
The only way to do what you want would be to create multiple recipient objects in the Directory, assign each the appropriate default "From" address, and grant the appropriate user "Send As" permission to them. Then the user can send "From" the appropriate recipient and the address stamped on the outgoing message will be as-expected.
I'd recommend creating Distribution Group objects for the alternate "From" addresses and making the user a member of the groups (as well as granting Send As permission on the groups to the user) so that they'll receive any replies sent to those addresses.
In general I try to never hand-specify alternate addresses (that is, add addresses not managed by policy) on Exchange recipients and to always use groups to facilitate "alternate" addresses for users. I do this for the reason above, amongst others.
It seems like for meeting requests, you can change who it's from by deselecting every calendar except that one before choosing 'new meeting'. Maybe there's some equivalent for email? – user56reinstatemonica8 – 2015-05-19T09:12:00.377