Batch-convert files for encoding

Question

How can I batch-convert files in a directory for their encoding (e.g. ANSI->UTF-8) with a command or tool?

For single files an editor helps, but how to do the mass files job?

Answer 1

Cygwin or GnuWin32 provide Unix tools like iconv and dos2unix (and unix2dos). Under Unix/Linux/Cygwin, you'll want to use "windows-1252" as the encoding instead of ANSI (see below). (Unless you know your system is using a codepage other than 1252 as its default codepage, in which case you'll need to tell iconv the right codepage to translate from.)

Convert from one (-f) to the other (-t) with:

$ iconv -f windows-1252 -t utf-8 infile > outfile

Or in a find-all-and-conquer form:

## this will clobber the original files!
$ find . -name '*.txt' -exec iconv --verbose -f windows-1252 -t utf-8 {} \> {} \;

Alternatively:

## this will clobber the original files!
$ find . -name '*.txt' -exec iconv --verbose -f windows-1252 -t utf-8 -o {} {} \;

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This question has been asked many times on this site, so here's some additional information about "ANSI". In an answer to a related question, CesarB mentions:

There are several encodings which are called "ANSI" in Windows. In fact, ANSI is a misnomer. iconv has no way of guessing which you want.

The ANSI encoding is the encoding used by the "A" functions in the Windows API (the "W" functions use UTF-16). Which encoding it corresponds to usually depends on your Windows system language. The most common is CP 1252 (also known as Windows-1252). So, when your editor says ANSI, it is meaning "whatever the API functions use as the default ANSI encoding", which is the default non-Unicode encoding used in your system (and thus usually the one which is used for text files).

The page he links to gives this historical tidbit (quoted from a Microsoft PDF) on the origins of CP 1252 and ISO-8859-1, another oft-used encoding:

[...] this comes from the fact that the Windows code page 1252 was originally based on an ANSI draft, which became ISO Standard 8859-1. However, in adding code points to the range reserved for control codes in the ISO standard, the Windows code page 1252 and subsequent Windows code pages originally based on the ISO 8859-x series deviated from ISO. To this day, it is not uncommon to have the development community, both within and outside of Microsoft, confuse the 8859-1 code page with Windows 1252, as well as see "ANSI" or "A" used to signify Windows code page support.

Answer 2

with powershell you can do something like this:

%  get-content IN.txt | out-file -encoding ENC -filepath OUT.txt

while ENC is something like unicode, ascii, utf8, utf32. checkout 'help out-file'.

to convert all the *.txt files in a directory to utf8 do something like this:

% foreach($i in ls -name DIR/*.txt) { \
       get-content DIR/$i | \
       out-file -encoding utf8 -filepath DIR2/$i \
  }

which creates a converted version of each .txt file in DIR2.

EDIT: To replace the files in all subdirectories use:

% foreach($i in ls -recurse -filter "*.java") {
    $temp = get-content $i.fullname
    out-file -filepath $i.fullname -inputobject $temp -encoding utf8 -force
}

Answer 3

The Wikipedia page on newlines has a section on conversion utilities.

This seems your best bet for a conversion using only tools Windows ships with:

TYPE unix_file | FIND "" /V > dos_file

Answer 4

Oneliner using find, with automatic detection

The character encoding of all matching text files gets detected automatically and all matching text files are converted to utf-8 encoding:

$ find . -type f -iname *.txt -exec sh -c 'iconv -f $(file -bi "$1" |sed -e "s/.*[ ]charset=//") -t utf-8 -o converted "$1" && mv converted "$1"' -- {} \;

To perform these steps, a sub shell sh is used with -exec, running a one-liner with the -c flag, and passing the filename as the positional argument "$1" with -- {}. In between, the utf-8 output file is temporarily named converted.

The find command is very useful for such file management automation.

Click here for more find galore.

Answer 5

UTFCast is a Unicode converter for Windows which supports batch mode. I'm using the paid version and am quite comfortable with it.

UTFCast is a Unicode converter that lets you batch convert all text files to UTF encodings with just a click of your mouse. You can use it to convert a directory full of text files to UTF encodings including UTF-8, UTF-16 and UTF-32 to an output directory, while maintaining the directory structure of the original files. It doesn't even matter if your text file has a different extension, UTFCast can automatically detect text files and convert them.

Answer 6

Use this Python script: https://github.com/goerz/convert_encoding.py It works on any platform. Requires Python 2.7.

Answer 7

iconv -f original_charset -t utf-8 originalfile > newfile

run the above command in for loop.

Answer 8

In my use-case, I needed automatic input encoding detection and there there was a lot of files with Windows-1250 encoding, for which command file -bi <FILE> returns charset=unknown-8bit. This is not valid parameter for iconv.

I have had the best results with enca.

Convert all files with txt extension to utf-8

find . -type f -iname *.txt -exec sh -c 'echo "$1" && enca "$1" -x utf-8' -- {} \;

Answer 9

There is dos2unix on unix.
There was another similar tool for Windows (another ref here).

How do I convert between Unix and Windows text files? has some more tricks

Answer 10

You can use EncodingMaster. It's free, it has a Windows, Linux and Mac OS X version and works really good.