2
According to this account you can.
1
Not all eSATA cards work. The OWC card (single SATA port) did, the dual port cards did not. Further, I was unable to boot from a powered docking station but was able to boot from a quad interface AC powered drive. I have not tried OWC's bus powered eSATA drives because they draw additional power through the Firewire 800 port.
So the bottom line is yes, but only some combinations work. It is also possible to boot OS X 10.7 by this approach as well.