Fast startup can not be disabled on a per-drive basis because the feature does not actually care about drives.
All fast startup does is hibernate the core of the operating system, that includes any drivers or file systems that are mounted before the operating system goes into hibernation.
If you want a drive to be "excluded" from fast startup then you will need to unmount the drive before shutting your system down. This is obviously most easily achieved via a removable drive, but can also be done via the "disk management" control panel in Windows.
If the disk is not cleanly unmounted then Windows may still hold metadata in memory and have marked the disk as "dirty", preventing you from working with it in Linux.
If you know you are wanting to work in Linux then you can reboot your system, which shuts Windows down "normally" and does not do a "fast startup", and then cut the power after the reboot but before Linux boots.
While I did mention why and that unmounting was an option I didn't actually elaborate on how which I see was a bit shortsighted of me. Does this actually get run at a "fast startup" shutdown (I.e. minimal shutdown+hibernate)? I thought "shutdown" in the context of fast startup would be reboot rather than user logoff... – Mokubai – 2019-09-17T13:52:43.183
@Mokubai You're right, sorry. The shutdown/startup scripts actually do not get run at a fast startup shutdown. Pretty frustrating. Maybe there's another event you can hook in to... – wensveen – 2019-09-26T07:04:06.070
It seems that in addition to startup/shutdown there is also login/logoff that you could use instead: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/windows/it-pro/windows-server-2012-r2-and-2012/dn789190(v%3Dws.11) I'd expect that might be more what is needed.
– Mokubai – 2019-09-26T07:17:50.137That may be a viable solution in a single-user environment. I'm also looking at Task Scheduler triggers,
Begin the task: On an event
has a lot of options, but I wouldn't know which event to pick. – wensveen – 2019-09-26T07:24:20.410