It's possible for too-high voltage to be sent along the coaxial cable itself. I've lived at a place just above maximum standard distance for a cable modem from the street, and the cable guy put in a big electrical amplifier at the entrance to the house. It burned out multiple cable boxes, and I had them replace it repeatedly, until I mentioned it to whichever tech happened to be coming that time, and he realized it was set too high.
In my case, the too-high voltage being sent along the coax cable allowed the modem to work for a little while, then burnt it out.
I don't know how you would test this without specialized equipment. Perhaps the cable modem diagnostics itself could let you know what voltage it was receiving.
In my case, it was not a surge - it's a consistently too high voltage. Different from the previous answer.
1Welcome to Super User. This isn't a good question for this site because there's no definitive answer to your question, just a list of possibilities. – I say Reinstate Monica – 2018-09-22T01:18:39.997
Has your cable company verified signal is good. I’m not convinced the modems are actually bad. I think you have a signal or noise issue on the cable line. – Tyson – 2018-09-22T02:54:21.633