Why does Microsoft not show other browsers' icons?

Question

I find the following tiles in my Windows 10 start menu:

Depending on apparently-random factors, the Chrome label is sometimes black-on-black and so totally unrecognizable:

If I make the tiles smaller (quarter-size), the last two are still just black or white but without any label, so it's much harder to see what they open.

I've tried deleting %localappdata%\IconCache.db and deleting
%localappdata%\Microsoft\Windows\Explorer\iconcache* and rebooting, but that made no difference.

Edit: I've also done right-click -> Open File Location twice (to reach the actual program), inspected the appname.VisualElementsManifest.xml file, and verified that the logo files referenced there actually exist. After one "Open File Location" (viewing the shortcut in Explorer) the icon is displayed with the program name, but this doesn't fix the start menu.

I would have thought Microsoft would've learned not to do this after the browser wars antitrust case, but maybe not.

Why is this happening?

Answer 1

Right-click on the shortcuts that are missing icons, select More, and then Open file location.

Now observe whether the icons are missing for the shorcuts in this folder.

If they are missing here as well you should be able to right-click and open Properties for each shortcut, and then choose a new icon for them.

Another option is to simply run a repair install of the browsers.

If both of these fail, personally I'd consider the next easiest thing to be to fully uninstall both browsers, and then reinstall them.