I happen to know you get get this for network cards using:
> Get-NetAdapterHardwareInfo
Name Segment Bus Device Function Slot NumaNode PcieLinkSpeed PcieLinkWidth Version
---- ------- --- ------ -------- ---- -------- ------------- ------------- -------
Wi-Fi 0 2 0 0 4 2.5 GT/s 1 1.1
Ethernet 0 3 0 0 5 2.5 GT/s 1 1.1
Using the module suggested by @Lenniey above you It looks like you can find the location of devices by looking for those with a LocationInfo starting "PCI bus", and a non-zero UINumber:
> Get-device | where {$_.LocationInfo -like 'PCI bus*' -and $_.UINumber -ne 0} | select Name, LocationInfo, UINumber
Name LocationInfo UINumber
---- ------------ --------
Realtek PCIe GBE Family Controller PCI bus 3, device 0, function 0 5
Intel(R) Centrino(R) Wireless-N 2230 PCI bus 2, device 0, function 0 4
In the above, I've got my network card in slot 5, and my wifi in slot 4.
You can then compare this with the list of PCI Express Root Ports:
> Get-device | where {$_.Name -eq 'PCI Express Root Port'} | select Name,LocationInfo
Name LocationInfo
---- ------------
PCI Express Root Port PCI bus 0, device 28, function 5
PCI Express Root Port PCI bus 0, device 28, function 0
PCI Express Root Port PCI bus 0, device 28, function 4
That will tell you that I have a third slot with nothing plugged in, which agrees with what I see in Device Manager.
Caveat; I'm not a hardware expert, I just guessed this based on what I can see on my machine.
To confirm this isn't just related to network adapters, if I remove the filter on 'UINumber -ne 0', I can see all other devices connected to the PCI bus, however, since they are all built in, they don't have a slot number:
Name LocationInfo UINumber
---- ------------ --------
Realtek PCIe GBE Family Controller PCI bus 3, device 0, function 0 5
Intel(R) 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family USB Enhanced Host Controller - 1C26 PCI bus 0, device 29, function 0 0
PCI Express Root Port PCI bus 0, device 28, function 5 0
High Definition Audio Controller PCI bus 0, device 27, function 0 0
Intel(R) Centrino(R) Wireless-N 2230 PCI bus 2, device 0, function 0 4
Intel(R) Management Engine Interface PCI bus 0, device 22, function 0 0
LPC Controller PCI bus 0, device 31, function 0 0
PCI Express Root Port PCI bus 0, device 28, function 0 0
Memory Controller PCI bus 0, device 0, function 0 0
PCI Express Root Port PCI bus 0, device 28, function 4 0
SM Bus Controller PCI bus 0, device 31, function 3 0
Standard SATA AHCI Controller PCI bus 0, device 31, function 2 0
Intel(R) HD Graphics PCI bus 0, device 2, function 0 0
Thermal Control Device PCI bus 0, device 31, function 6 0
Intel(R) 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family USB Enhanced Host Controller - 1C2D PCI bus 0, device 26, function 0 0
I don't have an answer, but take a look at https://blogs.technet.microsoft.com/wincat/2012/09/06/device-management-powershell-cmdlets-sample-an-introduction/
– Lenniey – 2016-11-16T13:06:34.040