Some of the discussion seems to reflect semantic differences. Just to avoid confusion in terminology, on LED and other flat panel displays, the pixels are fixed, manufactured in a specific physical grid. Everything is displayed using those pixels.
If you change resolution or scale the image, you're just mapping what gets displayed onto those pixels (or using fewer of them). You can't damage it by changing what you display.
Changing DPI is really only changing how the content is mapped to the physical pixels. What would be a single pixel at the native resolution might get interpolated across multiple pixels to make it look larger, or detail that would be displayed in multiple pixels at the content's native resolution "averaged" together to squeeze it onto fewer pixels.
3It is not harmful to the monitor to change any settings in Windows. Settings that aren't supported by the monitor aren't available. – Christofer Weber – 2016-11-13T13:20:54.967
24a LED has no DPI, because it's just a lamp – phuclv – 2016-11-13T14:25:29.010
1heh. That's why my answer has LCD/LED. Technically most common LCD monitors now are TN with LED backlight. Older monitors would have CCFL backlights, and higher end monitors would be IPS or VA LEDs.... – Journeyman Geek – 2016-11-13T14:29:01.887
1@fixer1234 Answer? – wizzwizz4 – 2016-11-13T17:36:56.227
1As others have said, you really can't change the display resolution effectively, as it's built in. What you should do for low vision is to use larger fonts. And of course use a high-contrast color scheme. – jamesqf – 2016-11-13T18:01:25.650