Electric shocks from tip of laptop charger and laptop case - how to safely test if it's a bad charger or a bad outlet?

Question

I've recently started consistently getting electric shocks from either touching the tip of my laptop charger while it's plugged in, or from touching the metal rim of the laptop while it's charging. Just now I got two in a row, seconds apart, one from touching the tip while picking it up to plug the laptop in, then seconds later from touching the rim after plugging it in, and others in my household have experienced the same. It's definitely not from static electricity.

I don't really know how to grade electric shocks but these are painful enough that I gasped audibly and jolted my arm before I knew what was happening, but the pain then went away quickly and there's no lingering burning sensation or visible burns on the skin. The charger is 19V, 4.7A (three pin UK-style plug, metal third pin, when these are metal it usually indicates that it's to earth). It certainly felt worse than 19V.

I've read How to Earth (ground electrically) my laptop which mentions the possibility that AC is "leaking" through the charger and that this could be dangerous, and it recommends replacing the charger (which is very difficult given my current location).

I'm also considering that the socket I'm connecting to might not be properly earthed, or otherwise misbehaving, particularly after reading Got shocked by a native dell laptop charger outputting 19.5 V 6.5 A DC. It was REALLY uncomfortable, but was that dangerous?.

The electrics in this building are a bit dodgy, and there was recently a problem resulting in both the neighbourhood mains transformer being replaced and our compound's diesel generator briefly going haywire and outputting too high a voltage with many surges up to 400V, blowing several bulbs and fuses, which turned out to be related to bad wiring (I didn't entirely understand the electrician's explanation, but it sounded like something to do with crossed wires and power leaking back into the generator). There were also strange goings-on, since fixed, like for example, I had a certain battery charger where if I plugged it in to any wall outlet, the power for the entire house would instantly go out until I unplugged it, when it came straight back on again (and this charger never worked again after this happened - presumably it blew a fuse but there's no obvious user-accessible fuse I can check).

Also, the surge protector socket I connect the laptop charger to has been behaving oddly recently, feeling very hot to the touch when it's on, and its in-built USB sockets stopped working when the power surges from the generator happened (but its regular sockets still work).

How can I safely test whether it's a) the charger, b) the surge protector sockets or c) the wall outlet that is causing these shocks?

I don't currently have one of those live voltage checking screwdrivers mentioned in the second linked question, but I do have a regular digital multimeter. I'm considering using it on the adaptor plug in AC mode (while wearing rubber gloves!) to see if there is in fact AC leaking through the adaptor and at what voltage, and seeing if it's all the wall outlets, just one, or only when connected to the surge protector, but I'd like some expert guidance before attempting anything.

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Update - here's the info on the adaptor block. It's the official adaptor for a Wacom Cintiq Companion 2 bought in Europe.

I'm not entirely sure if this means it's double insulated or not, based on Earthing: Is it important for laptops, there's a GS symbol but it's slightly different to that linked one and too small to read. It does however definitely say:

ONLY CONNECT TO GROUNDED OUTLET

Related on the electronics site: Why is this laptop adapter grounded?

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Update: I just had another shock, this time from the metal casing while the charger was plugged in but not switched on, several hours after it was last used.

Second update: I've tried the plug with a multimeter, in both AC and DC modes, while plugged in and not plugged in, and it picks up no volts each time. Still works fine. So it seems like there's nothing coming through unless it's connected to something that is trying to draw power.

Answer 1

No testing needed. Nothing wrong with the outlet can do this in a double insulated device. Replace your charger, ASAP.

This is a safety issue, because it only takes 30 milliamps of 60 Hz current across your chest to stop your heart...

In the United States, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has published an online brochure that makes the point that grounding won't save you. A grounded (earthed) outlet prong only works if the insulation fault in the equipment is fully connected to a proper ground (cold water pipe or ground stake deep enough in the earth). If you're a better conduction path than the ground conductor, you get the shock instead of the ground wire.

Better than grounding is double insulation -- as long as the device isn't tampered with or damaged, a double insulated device can't shock unless it gets wet or is exposed to conductive dust (metal shavings, etc.). These are recognized by a two-conductor power connection, and often an all-plastic housing.

The only dependable protection (according to OSHA) from insulation fault shocks is a Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter (they go by different names in other countries). These detect tiny differences in the current on the hot and neutral wires (ignoring the ground wire) and shut off the circuit if the two aren't equal. Before you can perceive a shock, the GFCI will shut off the power to the device and trip its warning (usually a visible button popped up, similar to a circuit breaker showing tripped). That's your cue to replace the device, or get it repaired by a professional.

Answer 2

In my country, grounding outlet pin is not connected. So, I wired my desktop casing to steel nail on the wall. It succeed to eliminate electric shock from my desktop casing.

I also added separate wire for my electric water heater grounding outlet.

In your case - if your ground pin outlet is not connected to anything - you can connect to steel nail on the wall. (Do not use domestic plumbing as grounding!)