Superfoods

Media organisations often publish lists of supposed "Superfoods" to attract clicks. The term "Superfood" is a marketing ploy and not a term used by qualified dietitians or scientists.[1] Often these foods are based on a kernel of truth and therefore fall somewhere on the spectrum between "real science" and woo. Since none of them are dangerous (unless Third World globalization has compromised[2] their authenticity or purity) and since all some of them can be tasty, adding them to your diet can't hurt your body (at least in moderation). If they turn out more "woo" than "science", no medical harm done. And if they turn out to be really extra-special healthy for you, all the better.

Potentially edible!
Food woo
Fabulous food!
Delectable diets!
Bodacious bods!
v - t - e
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Many foods are claimed to be "super" because of alleged or actual high-levels of antioxidants. Consuming too many antioxidants (e.g. in pill form or in fad diets) might actually be bad for you because muscle-building requires some oxidation.[3]

Of course, these have a mysterious tendency toward the exotic, obscure, or highly perishable in comparison to equally nourishing and pleasant foodstuffs of lesser celebrity, which means they're usually only available at great expense and/or from a tiny number of merchants… Who are all too happy to let you pay through the nose for this “privilege,” and when these foodstuffs are a load-bearing pillar in the diets of people in certain low-income regions, the surge in interest can have cataclysmic impacts on their main food supply.

Coffee is usually not considered a superfood (although…[4]) even though it is high in antioxidants,[5], probably because there is no money to be made from additional marketing. A large epidemiology study found that drinking more than 2 cups per day of coffee increases life expectancy and is protective against several diseases.[6][7]

List of some common "Superfoods" and their spurious claims
  • Apples (Malus domestica) — An apple a day keeps the doctor away, or so they say.[9] The seeds contain a small amount of laetrile for those who believe in cancer preventative woo (and cyanide for those who don't.) The apples themselves are full of fiber and keep you "regular".
  • Blueberries (Vaccinium spp.) and blackberries (Rubus spp.) — make boring yogurt tolerable and they anti-oxidize you[11][12] at the same time, for whatever that's worth.
  • Brewers yeast (and its derivatives like Vegemite and Marmite) — a B-complex vitamin cocktail[13]. Good for whatever you heard B vitamins are good for. Brain food and who knows what else.
  • Chia seeds (Salvia hispanica) — Once known for their amazing ability to spawn an afro on any known creature, they are now being hailed as the low calorie super nutrient you never knew your body needs to survive. [14]
  • Chocolate (Theobroma cacao) — food of the gods. In its raw form Cacao (usually in the form of 'nibs') and processed dark chocolate are excellent anti-oxidants. There is some suggestion that they can act like aspirin to keep plaque forming in the blood, that they might stimulate the brain, and that sucking on dark chocolate can soothe an aching throat, raw from coughing.[citation needed] And it's so close to that wonderful panacea hemp! And come on, it's chocolate. (Dear Americans, milk chocolate however has lots of sugar and very little cacao, so it isn't a wonder food - learn to like the dark stuff!)
  • Cinnamon, by which we mean the common commercial Cinnamomum cassia, not the "true" Cinnamomum verum that food snobs use — can help reduce blood sugar peaks. Or not.[15] It makes lots of things more yummy, and if it helps to prevent the onset of diet-based diabetes so much the better.
  • Cranberries (Vaccinium spp.) — commonly hailed as an effective way to avoid urinary tract infections. According to a recent clinical review however, you'd have to eat about 45,000 calories' worth of cranberries every six months to get a 1 in 12 chance of avoiding an infection.[16] Not exactly practical, unlike the 95% efficacy of taking antibiotics.
  • Curry (turmeric, Curcuma longa, in particular) — supposed to be a preventative for cancer[17] and Alzheimer's.[18]
  • Ginger (Zingiber officinale) — it is claimed that ginger can combat motion sickness and nausea (Ginger Ale, anyone?)[19], and could help relieve the pain associated with "that time of the month" [20].
  • Goji berries or Chinese wolfberries (Lycium barbarum) — Supposedly great because of its high protein content for a fruit, filled with iron/vitamin A, and antioxidants like zeaxanthin.[21] Can also work as a weight loss helper due to unpleasant (sometimes severe) stomach cramps after consumption.[22][23]
  • Green tea (Camellia sinensis) — It's a ritual designed to make you relax source of the psychoactive amino acid TheanineFile:Wikipedia's W.svg, and it too can anti-oxidize you.[24]
  • Jiaogulan (Gynostemma pentaphyllum) — Can slow down your aging, inhibit cancer growth, and anti-oxidize you.[25]
  • Kombucha tea — is green tea fermented with bacteria and yeast. It has both anti-oxidant and probiotic properties but these can be found cheaper (and far more pleasant) in many other foods [26]
  • Moringa (Moringa oleifera) — It's loaded with vitamins and minerals, and it too can anti-oxidize you[27].
  • Oysters — supposed to increase your sperm count, improve libido, enlarge your weenie, etc.[more detail please]
  • Pomegranate juice (Punica granatum) — You know it's heart-healthy because they sell it with cute little healthy-heart icons on the bottles.[28]
  • Quinoa — vegan superfood, demand for which is destroying the ecosystem, and the human population in Bolivia. [29]
  • Walnuts (Juglans spp.) — lots of fiber and protein, and it turns out they might help lower the icky bad cholesterols.[31]

Some lists with other wooish/scientific-ish super foods
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See also

References
  1. http://www.thinkingnutrition.com.au/superfoods-more-like-supermyth/
  2. http://www.naturalnews.com/040266_food_fraud_China_heavy_metals_contamination.html
  3. For athletes, antioxidant pills may not help performance: Some supplements can blunt the positive effects of exercise training by Laura Beil, Science News (February 24, 2015).
  4. Superfood of the Week: Coffee
  5. [http://www.webmd.com/diet/the-buzz-on-coffee The Buzz on Coffee] by Kathleen M. Zelman & Brunilda Nazario (May 07, 2008) WebMD.
  6. Coffee gives jolt to life span
  7. Coffee reveals itself as an unlikely elixir: From liver disease to diabetes, coffee compounds protect against an array of health conditions by Nathan Seppa (12:02pm, September 18, 2015) Science News.
  8. Oprah is coming after bad Internet marketers
  9. This saying originated during Prohibition. Most of the apples sold prior to Prohibition were used to make hard cider. When this was no longer legal, apple growers had to come up with another reason for consumers to buy their fruit, and latched on to the apple's alleged health benefits.
  10. Altmedicine.about.com article on Apple Cider Vinegar
  11. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blueberry#Nutrients.2C_phytochemicals_and_research
  12. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blackberry#Nutrients_and_antioxidant_qualities
  13. Brewer's yeast, on the University of Maryland's Complementary and Alternative Medicine web area
  14. With clickbait to match!
  15. "Cinnamon and Blood Sugar," Pennsylvania State University Extension
  16. Cranberry, the alt-med zombie
  17. Turmeric contains curcumin which is an anti-oxidant.
  18. Why? Who knows, but maybe a clinical trial will reveal more information.
  19. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10793599
  20. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26177393
  21. 8 Goji Berry Facts
  22. Goji Berry: Basic Information and Traditional Uses
  23. Beware! Goji Berries
  24. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_tea#Growing.2C_harvesting_and_processing
  25. Jiaogulan (Gynostemma pentaphyllum) Health Benefits & Information
  26. http://www.todaysdietitian.com/newarchives/060415p20.shtml
  27. Moringa Oleifera Health Benefits & Information
  28. http://www.pomwonderful.com
  29. http://content.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,2110890,00.html
  30. http://www.whfoods.com/genpage.php?dbid=122&tname=foodspice typical woo site
  31. Could eating WALNUTS be the key to good heart health?, on The Daily Mail
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