Spontaneous abortion in humans
A common fundamentalist argument against abortion is that each human being is granted a soul at the moment of conception, and that destroying that "soul" is equivalent to murder. Taking this logic further, the argument is that most methods of birth control are equivalent to mass murder with the exception of condoms or other barrier types.
| Terminate processing activity Abortion |
 |
| Medically approved |
| In the back alley |
v - t - e |
Few conceptions lead to a baby
“”So basically what these anti-abortion people are telling us is that any woman who's had more than one period is a serial killer! |
| —George Carlin[1] |
However, there's some serious problems with the logic of ensoulation at the point of conception. The CDC as well as the March of Dimes and several fertility experts have conducted studies to see exactly how hard it is to carry a pregnancy to term. In general, less than 70% of all fertilized eggs will even implant into the mother's womb causing pregnancy to continue [2]. From there, there is a 25-50% chance of aborting before you even know you are pregnant. If, however, you make it to your first month, your odds go up to 75% chance of carrying to term. So if you look at it from the fundamentalist point of view, all those little souls are being given a home, only to be miscarried before they even know they are alive.
Scientific research has compiled the following information about the rates of naturally aborted pregnancies in human beings (or, if you believe everything happens for a reason, pregnancies aborted by God himself).
This chart assumes that 200 eggs are in an environment with sperm nearby.[3]
| Successfully fertilized | 168 are successfully fertilised[note 1] | 84% left alive |
| Successfully implanted in womb (1-2 weeks from fertilization) | 138 | 68% left alive |
| Survive 4 weeks from fertilization | 84 | 42% left alive |
| Survive to become a fetus (8-11 weeks from fertilization) | 70 | 35% left alive |
| Survive to term and are born alive (38-42 weeks from fertilization) | 62 | 31% born |
Over several trials, this concludes that around 63% of all zygotes fail to be carried to term. There has been very little action by conservatives to defend against what must be an appalling source of infant death.
Due to all those zygotes that get fertilized but fail to implant, women in Virginia will probably need to go to the sheriff's office to get their tampons examined, as the zygote now has the rights of an adult there.[4]
Injustice
In El Salvador if a woman miscarries it is frequently assumed she deliberately induced an abortion or could have saved the baby. Women who did not know they were pregnant or who could not have prevented a miscarriage face long prison terms. [5][6]
The criminalization of miscarriages has already happened in the United States too. In a highly publicized case from Indiana, Purvi Patel, coming from a strict religiously conservative family that did not support premartial sex, had terminated her pregnancy herself, said she had a miscarriage, and was charged with both child neglect and "feticide", and was thus sentenced to 20 years in prison (later overturned by the court of appeals).[7] This marked the first time in the United States a woman had been sentenced for this sort of action. While the prosecutors found that she wanted to take illegal abortion drugs online, toxicologists couldn't find evidence in either Patel or in the fetus's body.
Indiana also has a record of criminalizing Bei Bei Shuai
Similarly, in 2011 and in Mississippi, Rennie Gibs (who was 16 at the time) had faced life in prison for murdering her fetus, though the charges were later dropped.[9] Prosectuors have found she had a habit of abusing cocaine. While there was cocaine in the fetus's system, there was no cocaine in the fetus's blood. Toxicologists found no evidence that the cocaine killed the fetus, however, and stated that the fetus was instead strangled by the umbilical cord.[10]
These sort of cases are alarming as they stretch the definition of "feticide", initially as a way to protect pregnant women from having their fetus harmed by, say, abusive partners, to now mean any sort of attempt to terminate a pregnancy, including even harming the fetus. Lawakers have also stretched the definition of "chemical endangerment", originally to protect children from meth labs from parents, to include fetuses harmed by drugs. By criminalizing and scaring women from seeking care, fetuses can and will be harmed, the anti-abortion movement ends up hurting the very thing they aim to protect. Splendid. Additionally, a disproportionate number of women that were prosecuted happen to be low-income and women of color, contributing to the argument that the anti-abortion movement is classist as well as terribly dishonest and sneaky.
Notes
- Sometimes, owing to genetic differences or other factors, the egg cell is not fertilised, despite being united with a sperm.
References
- George Carlin on abortion - transcript
- JLH Evers, Female subfertility, The Lancet, 2002
- Gilbert SF. Developmental Biology. 6th edition. Sunderland (MA): Sinauer Associates; 2000. Environmental Disruption of Normal Development.
- http://floridaindependent.com/69499/virginia-personhood
- El Salvador: Where women may be jailed for miscarrying
- El Salvador abortion controversy shows lack of progress on Cairo agenda
- Kaplan, S. (April 1, 2015). "Indiana woman jailed for “feticide.” It’s never happened before.". Washington Post. Retrieved February 20, 2019.
- Pilkington, E. (May 30, 2012). Indiana prosecuting Chinese woman for suicide attempt that killed her foetus. The Guardian. Retrieved March 23, 2019.
- Pilkington, E. (June 24, 2011).Outcry in America as pregnant women who lose babies face murder charges. The Guardian'. Retrieved February 20, 2019.
- Pieklo, J. (April 4, 2014). Murder Charges Dismissed in Mississippi Stillbirth Case. Rewire. Retrieved February 20, 2019.