Atmosphere of the Moon

The atmosphere of the moon exists, but is essentially negligible.

The divine comedy
Creationism
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For practical purposes, the area above the surface of the Moon is a vacuum, but technically it actually has an atmosphere. The lunar atmosphere contains about 106 molecules/cm3. This compares to Earth's approximately 1019 molecules/cm3 at sea level (roughly 10 trillion times the atmosphere of the Moon at that level).[1] If compressed to the same density as air, the lunar atmosphere would be less than a nanometer thick.[2] The lunar atmosphere is not permanently retained like Earth's atmosphere. Instead, it is being constantly lost to space, and is replenished by outgassing from rocks and sputtering by solar particles and micrometeorites.

Psychic prediction
See the main article on this topic: psychic

One of the participants in Project Stargate, Ingo Swann, claimed in his book that through remote viewing he saw that the Moon had an atmosphere before it was widely accepted as true.[3] By the standards of fuzzy logic, this is 0.000000000001% true.

Creationism
See the main articles on this topic: Creationist claims and Evidence against a recent creation

Several creationists argue that the atmosphere of the moon contradicts an old universe. Pathlights and Evolution-Facts write:

“”Several inert gases have been found on the surface of the moon. Scientists believe that these gases came from the sun, in the form of "solar wind." Mathematical calculation reveals that, at today’s intensity of solar wind, the amount of inert gases found on the moon would be built up in 1,000 to 10,000 years, — and no longer. These calculations are based on Argon 36 and Krypton 84 concentrations. Even 20,000 years ago would be far too lengthy a time. Therefore the moon could not be older than about 6,000-10,000 years.[4][5]

This claim fails for the same reason that creationist claims about excessive Moon dust fail: photon stimulated desorption. The gases don't hang around; they come in with solar wind and are knocked off by solar ultraviolet; nowadays, the rate of incoming gas equals the rate of outgoing gas. Tim Thompson of Talk Origins notes:

Ultraviolet light does not turn rocks into dust, but it does con[t]ribute to Photon Stimulated Desorption (PSD) of minerals from the rock surface, as it knocks individual molecules loose. These molecules will fly off into space, only to be replaced by the next batch. The PSD based "atmosphere" of the moon is unsurprisingly in equilibrium with the solar flux of ultraviolet radiation at the lunar surface. (Photon-stimulated desorption as a substantial source of sodium in the lunar atmosphere, B.V. Yakshinskiy & T.E. Madey, Nature 400(6745): 642-644, August 12, 1999).[6]

Pathlights' earlier version of the claim mentioned a maximum of "10,000 years" ("At today's intensity of solar wind, the amount of inert gases found on the moon would reach their full amount in less than 10,000 years-and no longer.").[6] Pathlights probably changed the number because the upper limit poses a problem for creationism: If we took the old creationist claim at face value, it would only mean that it would take about 10,000 years for the concentration of these gases to reach equilibrium (the rate of creation equals the rate at which they fly away). This would prove that the Moon cannot be younger than 10,000 years, but can be any age older than 10,000 years, which would happen to rule out the preferred creationist age of the universe of 6,000 years. In short: creationists accidentally disproved creationism.

The former atmosphere of the Moon

NASA studies of the rocks brought by the Apollo missions show the Moon had a nice dress relatively thick atmosphere (as in twice as dense as Mars' current one) between 3 and 4 billion years ago formed by volcanism and that was stripped away by the solar wind[7]

gollark: Looping construct: jump backward one instruction (`L`)Branching construct: pick next instruction or previous instruction (`B`) - next if accumulator > 0, previous if accumulator <= 0.New branching construct: pick next instruction if user types `0` or previous if user types anything else (`N`)Making loop non-infinite: `E`, exits program if accumulator < 0.+1/-1 act on an accumulator initialized at zero (`+`/`-`)A program consists of a sequence of these instructions (first line) and arbitrary data encoded in base64 (second line) which is loaded into linear memory as bytes. These are executed left-to-right until the end is reached; when this occurs the direction of execution will be reversed.Infinite arbitrary data: command (`D`) to set accumulator to value of linear memory at position in accumulator.This language is called "HahaYourLawIsBad".
gollark: Hmm...
gollark: 124 wwwwwwwwwww123
gollark: Lyric's Second Law - "if one can name stuff after oneself, one will do so".
gollark: And you get to enjoy intrusive ad*v*erts, prob**a**bly.

See also

References
  1. Is There an Atmosphere on the Moon?
  2. Its total mass is ca. 10,000 kg, which, distributed evenly on the Moon, would form a layer of areal density 0.26 µg/m2. At a density of 1.2 kg/m3, this gives a thickness of 0.3 nm.
  3. Penetration: The Question of Extraterrestrial and Human Telepathy by Ingo Swann (1998). ISBN 0966767403.
  4. Science vs. Evolution. Chapter 4a: The Age of the Earth Archived from the original at pathlights.com.
  5. Evolution Encyclopedia Vol. 1. Chapter Six: The Age of the Earth Archived from the original at evolution-facts.org.
  6. Is the Earth Young? A List for Blue Lightning. BL: 22 Tim Thompson's Home Page
  7. NASA: The Moon Once Had an Atmosphere That Faded Away
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