Half-diagonal
The half-diagonal (abbreviated as hd) is a natural measurement of distance between parallel glider lanes, or in self-constructing circuitry, e.g. between elbow locations in a universal construction arm elbow operation library.
If two gliders are in the same phase and exactly lined up vertically or horizontally, N cells away from each other, then the two glider lanes are considered to be N half diagonals (hd) apart. Gliders that are an integer number of full diagonals apart must be the same color, whereas integer half diagonals allow for both glider colors.
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