Robot on a ladder

Question

Background

I have a ladder leaning on a wall, and a remote-controlled robot that can climb it. I can send three different commands to the robot:

• UP: the robot takes one step upwards. If it was on the highest step, it trips over, falls down and explodes.
• DOWN: the robot takes one step downwards. If it was on the lowest step, nothing happens.
• RESET: the robot returns to the lowest step.

I can also send a series of commands, and the robot will execute them one by one. Your task is to predict its movements.

Input

Your inputs are a positive integer N, representing the number of steps in the ladder, and a non-empty string C over UDR, representing the commands I have sent to the robot. You can assume that N < 1000. The robot is initialized on the lowest step of the ladder.

Output

It is guaranteed that at some point, the robot will climb over the highest step and explode. Your output is the number of commands it executes before this happens.

Example

Consider the inputs N = 4 and C = "UDDUURUUUUUUUDDDD" The robot, denoted by @, moves along the 4-step ladder as follows:

|-|   |-|   |-|   |-|   |-|   |-|   |-|   |-|   |-|   |@|   |-||
|-|   |-|   |-|   |-|   |-|   |@|   |-|   |-|   |@|   |-|   |-||
|-|   |@|   |-|   |-|   |@|   |-|   |-|   |@|   |-|   |-|   |-|v
|@| U |-| D |@| D |@| U |-| U |-| R |@| U |-| U |-| U |-| U |-|# Boom!

The remaining commands are not executed, since the robot has exploded. The explosion took place after 10 commands, so the correct output is 10.

Rules and scoring

You can write a full program or a function. The lowest byte count wins, and standard loopholes are disallowed.

Test cases

  1 U -> 1
  1 DDRUDUU -> 4
  4 UDDUUUUURUUUUDDDD -> 7
  4 UDDUURUUUUUUUDDDD -> 10
  6 UUUUUDRUDDDDRDUUUUUUDRUUUUUUUDR -> 20
 10 UUUUUURUUUUUUURUUUUUUUURUUUUUUUUUUUUUU -> 34
  6 UUUDUUUUDDDDDDDDDDDDDDRRRRRRRRRRRUUUUUU -> 8
  6 UUUDUUUDURUDDDUUUUUDDRUUUUDDUUUUURRUUDDUUUUUUUU -> 32
 20 UUDDUDUUUDDUUDUDUUUDUDDUUUUUDUDUUDUUUUUUDUUDUDUDUUUUUDUUUDUDUUUUUUDUDUDUDUDUUUUUUUUUDUDUUDUDUUUUU -> 56
354 UUDDUUDUDUUDDUDUUUUDDDUDUUDUDUDUDDUUUUDUDUUDUDUUUDUDUDUUDUUUDUUUUUDUUDUDUUDUDUUUUUDUDUUDUDUDUDDUUUUUUUDUDUDUDUUUUUDUDUDUDUDUDUDUDUUDUUUUUURUUUDUUUUDDUUDUDUDURURURUDUDUUUUDUUUUUUDUDUDUDUDUUUUUUDUDUUUUUUUDUUUDUUDUDUDUUDUDUDUUUUUUUUUUDUUUDUDUUDUUDUUUDUUUUUUUUUUUUUDUUDUUDUDUDUUUDUDUUUUUUUDUUUDUUUDUUDUUDDUUUUUUUUDUDUDUDUDUUUUDUDUUUUUUUUDDUUDDUUDUUDUUDUDUDUDUUUUUUUUUDUUDUUDUUUDUUDUUUUUUUUUUUDUDUDUDUUUUUUUUUUUUDUUUDUUDUDDUUDUDUDUUUUUUUUUUUUDUDUDUUDUUUDUUUUUUUDUUUUUUUUUDUDUDUDUDUUUUUUDUDUDUUDUDUDUDUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUDUDUDUDDDUUUDDDDDUUUUUUUUUUUUUUDDUDUUDUUDUDUUUUUUDUDUDUDUDUUUUDUUUUDUDUDUUUDUUDDUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUDUUDUUDUUUDUDUUUUUUUUUUUDUUUDUUUUDUDUDUUUUUUUUUDUUUDUUUDUUDUUUUUUUUUUUUDDUDUDUDUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUDUUUDUUUUDUUDUUDUUUUUUUUUUUDUDUUDUUUDUUUUUUDUDUDUUDUUUUUUUUUUUUDUUUDUUDUDUDUUUUDUDUDUDUDUUUUUUUUUUUDUUUUDUDUUUUDUUUUDUDUUUUDUUUUDUDUUUUDUUUUDUDUUUUDUUUUDUDUUUUDUUUUDUDUUUUDUUUUDUDUUUUDUUUUDUDUUUUDUUUUDUDUUUUDUUUUDUDUUUUDUUUUDUDUUUUDUUUUDUDUUUUDUUUUDUDUUUUDUUUUDUDUUUUDUUUUDUDUUUUDUUUUDUDUUUUDUUUUDUDUUUUDUUUUDUDUUUUDUUUUDUDUUUUDUUUUDUDUUUUDUUUUDUDUUUUDUUUUDUDUUUUDUUUUDUDUUUUDUUUUDUDUUUUDUUUUDUDUUUUDUUUUDUDUUUUDUUUUDUDUUUUDUUUUDUDUUUUDUUUUDUDUUUUDUUUUDUDUUUUUU -> 872

Answer 1

CJam, 26 25 22 bytes

0l{i"()~ "=~0e>_}%ri#)

Input format is the instructions on the first line and the ladder height on the second.

Test it here.

Explanation

0         e# Push a 0 - the initial position of the robot.
l         e# Read the instructions.
{         e# Map this block over the instruction...
  i       e#   Convert to character code. D -> 68, U -> 85, R -> 82.
  "()~ "= e#   We use these as cyclic indices into this array. Note that the values
          e#   modulo 4 are 0, 1 and 2, respectively. So U -> ) (increment),
          e#   D -> ( (decrement), R -> ~ (bitwise NOT, i.e negated and decrement).
  ~       e#   Evaluate the character as code.
  0e>     e#   Clamp to non-negative numbers. So D can't go below 0, and since R is
          e#   guaranteed to yield something negative, this resets it to zero.
  _       e#   Duplicate, so we keep one copy of the current position on the stack.
}%        e# Since this was a map, the result will be wrapped in an array.
ri        e# Read the ladder height and convert it to an integer.
#         e# Find its first occurrence in the list of positions.
)         e# The result is off by one, so we increment it.

Answer 2

C, 83 71 + 4 = 75 bytes

Thanks @Josh for showing me the K&S style, which allowed 8 bytes off !!

f(i,s,z,a)char*s;{z-=*s<82?z>0:*s>82?-1:z;return z-i?f(i,s+1,z,a+1):a;}

Explaining:

f(i,s,z,a)char*s;{ // function needs one integer and one "string"
  z-=              // z is the bot's height
    *s<82?         // if 'Down'
      z>0          // then subtract 1 when z>0 or nothing otherwise
    :*s>82?        // else if 'Up'
      -1           // increase height z-=-1
    :z;            // else reset z=z-z
  return z-i?      // if z is not the max height
    f(i,s+1,z,a+1) // try next step
  :a;              // else print how many calls/steps were made
}                  // end of function

Example call:

f(1,"U",0,1);    // I've added 4 bytes in the score because of ",0,1"

Live test on ideone

Answer 3

JavaScript (ES6), 54 53 bytes

n=>c=>(f=p=>n-p?f({D:p&&p-1,U:p+1}[c[i++]]|0):i)(i=0)

Explanation

Uses a recursive function internally.

var solution =

n=>c=>(
  f=p=>             // f = recursive function, p = position of robot on ladder
    n-p?            // if p != n
      f({           // execute the next command
          D:p&&p-1, // D -> p = max of p - 1 and 0
          U:p+1     // U -> p = p + 1
        }[c[i++]]   // get current command then increment i (current command index)
        |0          // R -> p = 0
      )
    :i              // else return the current command index
)(i=0)              // initialise p and i to 0 for the first recurse

N = <input type="number" id="N" value="354" /><br />
C = <input type="text" id="C" value="UUDDUUDUDUUDDUDUUUUDDDUDUUDUDUDUDDUUUUDUDUUDUDUUUDUDUDUUDUUUDUUUUUDUUDUDUUDUDUUUUUDUDUUDUDUDUDDUUUUUUUDUDUDUDUUUUUDUDUDUDUDUDUDUDUUDUUUUUURUUUDUUUUDDUUDUDUDURURURUDUDUUUUDUUUUUUDUDUDUDUDUUUUUUDUDUUUUUUUDUUUDUUDUDUDUUDUDUDUUUUUUUUUUDUUUDUDUUDUUDUUUDUUUUUUUUUUUUUDUUDUUDUDUDUUUDUDUUUUUUUDUUUDUUUDUUDUUDDUUUUUUUUDUDUDUDUDUUUUDUDUUUUUUUUDDUUDDUUDUUDUUDUDUDUDUUUUUUUUUDUUDUUDUUUDUUDUUUUUUUUUUUDUDUDUDUUUUUUUUUUUUDUUUDUUDUDDUUDUDUDUUUUUUUUUUUUDUDUDUUDUUUDUUUUUUUDUUUUUUUUUDUDUDUDUDUUUUUUDUDUDUUDUDUDUDUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUDUDUDUDDDUUUDDDDDUUUUUUUUUUUUUUDDUDUUDUUDUDUUUUUUDUDUDUDUDUUUUDUUUUDUDUDUUUDUUDDUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUDUUDUUDUUUDUDUUUUUUUUUUUDUUUDUUUUDUDUDUUUUUUUUUDUUUDUUUDUUDUUUUUUUUUUUUDDUDUDUDUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUDUUUDUUUUDUUDUUDUUUUUUUUUUUDUDUUDUUUDUUUUUUDUDUDUUDUUUUUUUUUUUUDUUUDUUDUDUDUUUUDUDUDUDUDUUUUUUUUUUUDUUUUDUDUUUUDUUUUDUDUUUUDUUUUDUDUUUUDUUUUDUDUUUUDUUUUDUDUUUUDUUUUDUDUUUUDUUUUDUDUUUUDUUUUDUDUUUUDUUUUDUDUUUUDUUUUDUDUUUUDUUUUDUDUUUUDUUUUDUDUUUUDUUUUDUDUUUUDUUUUDUDUUUUDUUUUDUDUUUUDUUUUDUDUUUUDUUUUDUDUUUUDUUUUDUDUUUUDUUUUDUDUUUUDUUUUDUDUUUUDUUUUDUDUUUUDUUUUDUDUUUUDUUUUDUDUUUUDUUUUDUDUUUUDUUUUDUDUUUUDUUUUDUDUUUUDUUUUDUDUUUUDUUUUDUDUUUUDUUUUDUDUUUUDUUUUDUDUUUUUU" /><br />
<button onclick="result.textContent=solution(+N.value)(C.value)">Go</button>
<pre id="result"></pre>

Answer 4

JavaScript (SpiderMonkey 30+), 65 64 bytes

(n,s,i=0)=>[for(c of s)if(i<n)c<'E'?i&&i--:c>'T'?i++:i=0].length

---

How it works

We first set the variable i to 0. This will keep track of how many steps the robot has climbed up. Then for each char c in the input string, we run the following logic:

1. If i is larger than or equal to n, don't do anything.
2. If c is "D":
   • If i is 0, leave it as is.
   • Otherwise, decrement it by 1.
3. If c is "U", increment i by 1.
4. Otherwise, set i to 0.

By cutting off if i>=n, we avoid adding any more items to the array after the robot has reached the top. Thus, we can simply return the length of the resulting array.

Answer 5

Perl, 47 + 2 = 49 bytes

$z-=-/U/||$z&&/D/;$z*=!/R/;$^I<=$z&&last}{$_=$.

Requires the -p flag, -i$N for latter height and a newline separated list of moves:

$ perl -pi10 ladderbot.pl <<<< $'U\nU\nU\nU\nU\nU\nR\nU\nU\nU\nU\nU\nU\nU\nR\nU\nU\nU\nU\nU\nU\nU\nU\nR\nU\nU\nU\nU\nU\nU\nU\nU\nU\nU\nU\nU\nU\nU'
34

How it works:

                                                # '-p' wraps the code in (simplified):
                                                # while($_=<>) {...print $_}
$z-=-/U/||$z&&/D/;                              # Subtract -1 if UP. subtract 1 if DOWN
                  $z*=!/R/;                     # If R then times by zero
                           $^I<=$z&&last        # Break while loop if N is reached
                                        }{      # Eskimo operator:
                                                # while($_=<>){...}{print$_}
                                          $_=$. # `$.` contains number of lines read from input.

Deparsed:

LINE: while (defined($_ = <ARGV>)) {
    $z -= -/U/ || $z && /D/;
    $z *= !/R/;
    last if $^I <= $z;
}
{
    $_ = $.;
}
continue {
    die "-p destination: $!\n" unless print $_;
}
-e syntax OK

Answer 6

Haskell, 65 bytes

x%'U'=x+1
x%'D'=max(x-1)0
x%_=0
f n=length.fst.span(<n).scanl(%)0

Usage example: f 4 "UDDUURUUUUUUUDDDD" -> 10.

% adjusts the current position on the ladder, scanl makes a list of all positions, fst.span(<n) takes the part before the explosion and length counts the steps.

Answer 7

JavaScript (ES6), 65 bytes

(n,s)=>[...s].map(_=>i=_<'E'?i&&i-1:_>'T'?i+1:0,i=0).indexOf(n)+1

Answer 8

PowerShell, 86 79 bytes

param($a,[char[]]$b)$b|%{$d++;if(($c-=((1,0)[!$c],-1,$c)[$_%4])-ge$a){$d;exit}}

A slight retooling of my When does Santa enter the basement? answer.

Takes input $a and $b, explicitly casting $b as char-array. We then loop with |%{...} over all of $b. Each iteration we increment our counter $d.

Then, an if statement to check whether we've hit the top with -ge$a. If so, we output $d and exit. The if statement is constructed from a pseudo-ternary created by assigning $c minus-equal to the result of several indexes into an array.

We have a trick that the ASCII values of D, R, and U correspond to 0, 2, and 1 when taken modulo-4, so $_%4 serves as our first index. If it's R, that sets $c equal to $c-$c, doing the reset. If U, that means we need to go up, so the $c-(-1) result. Otherwise it's a D, so we need to check if we're already at the bottom (that's the !$c - in PowerShell, "not-zero" is "true" or 1) and set $c equal to $c-0 or $c-1 respectively.

_{Edit - Saved 7 bytes by using minus-equal assignment rather than direct assignment}

Answer 9

Perl 5, 61 bytes

Includes two bytes for -F -i. (-M5.01 is free.)

Input of the integer (e.g. 10) is as perl -M5.01 -F -i10 robot.pl; input of the ladder commands is as STDIN.

for(@F){($i+=/U/)-=/R/?$i:$i&&/D/;$j++;last if$^I<=$i}say$j

Answer 10

MATL, 37 34 bytes

Oj"t@4\1=?Q}6M?x0}qt0>*]]]N$h=f1)q

Try it online!

Explanation

Position is 0-based. Each new position is pushed onto the stack keeping the older positions. So the stack size represents the number of movements up to now, plus 1.

A loop is used to process each command. The loop is exited when position reaches ladder height processes all commands, even after the explosion (idea taken from Martin's answer). The final result is given by the index of the first position that equals the ladder height.

O             % push a 0: initial position (0-based)
j             % take first input (commands) as a string
"             % for each command
  t           %   duplicate current position
  @           %   push command
  4\          %   modulo 4. This gives 1, 2, 0 for 'U','R', 'D'
  1=?         %   if result equals 1 (command 'U')
    Q         %     increase position by 1
  }           %   else
    6M?       %     if result was nonzero (command 'R')
      x0      %       delete current position and push 0
    }         %     else (command 'D')
      q       %       decrement by 1
      t0>*    %       turn negative values into 0
    ]         %     end if
  ]           %   end if
]             % end for each
N$h           % pack all numbers in the stack into an array
=             % implicitly read second input: ladder height
f1)q          % find first position equal to that, and subtract 1.
              % Implicitly display

Answer 11

Python 2, 63 62 bytes

f=lambda n,s,h=0:h^n and-~f(n,s[1:],-[2%~h,~h,0][ord(s[0])%4])

For example, f(4, 'UDDUURUUUUUUUDDDD') is 10.

xnor found an even shorter expression: 2%~h is really cool :)

Answer 12

Vitsy, 44 bytes

There probably could be some reductions - I'll figure out some more things if I can.

0vVWl:X[4M1+mDvV-);]lvXv?v-N
vD([1-]
v1+
vX0

Explanation (in progress):

0vVWl:X[4M1+mDvV-);]lvXv?v-N
0v             Save 0 as our temp var to edit.
  V            Save the input as a global var.
   W           Grab a line of STDIN.
    l          Push the length of the stack.
     :         Clone the stack. This is for later use.
      X        Remove the top item of the stack (we don't need the length right now.
[            ] Do the stuff in the brackets infinitely.
 4M            Modulo 4.
   1+          Add one.
     m         Go to the line index as specified by the top item of the stack.
      Dv       Duplicate the top item, save it in the temp var.
        V-);   If the top value is equal to the input number, exit the loop.
l              Push the length of the stack.
 vXv           Dump the temp var, then save the top item.
    ?          Rotate back to the original stack.
     v-        Subtract the top item (the original length) by the temp var (new length)
       N       Output the top item of the stack of the number.

vD([1-]
v              Push the temp variable to the stack.
 D([  ]        If this value is not zero...
    1-         Subtract one from it.

v1+            Push the temp variable to the stack, then add one to it.

vX0            Dump the temp var and replace it with zero.

Try It Online! (big test case)

Answer 13

Python 3, 90

Saved 6 bytes thanks to DSM.

Pretty simple right now.

def f(c,n):
 f=t=0
 for x in c:
  f+=1|-(x<'E');f*=(x!='R')&(f>=0);t+=1
  if f>=n:return t

Test cases:

assert f('U', 1) == 1
assert f('DDRUDUU', 1) == 4
assert f('UDDUUUUURUUUUDDDD', 4) == 7
assert f('UDDUURUUUUUUUDDDD', 4) == 10
assert f('UUDDUUDUDUUDDUDUUUUDDDUDUUDUDUDUDDUUUUDUDUUDUDUUUDUDUDUUDUUUDUUUUUDUUDUDUUDUDUUUUUDUDUUDUDUDUDDUUUUUUUDUDUDUDUUUUUDUDUDUDUDUDUDUDUUDUUUUUURUUUDUUUUDDUUDUDUDURURURUDUDUUUUDUUUUUUDUDUDUDUDUUUUUUDUDUUUUUUUDUUUDUUDUDUDUUDUDUDUUUUUUUUUUDUUUDUDUUDUUDUUUDUUUUUUUUUUUUUDUUDUUDUDUDUUUDUDUUUUUUUDUUUDUUUDUUDUUDDUUUUUUUUDUDUDUDUDUUUUDUDUUUUUUUUDDUUDDUUDUUDUUDUDUDUDUUUUUUUUUDUUDUUDUUUDUUDUUUUUUUUUUUDUDUDUDUUUUUUUUUUUUDUUUDUUDUDDUUDUDUDUUUUUUUUUUUUDUDUDUUDUUUDUUUUUUUDUUUUUUUUUDUDUDUDUDUUUUUUDUDUDUUDUDUDUDUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUDUDUDUDDDUUUDDDDDUUUUUUUUUUUUUUDDUDUUDUUDUDUUUUUUDUDUDUDUDUUUUDUUUUDUDUDUUUDUUDDUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUDUUDUUDUUUDUDUUUUUUUUUUUDUUUDUUUUDUDUDUUUUUUUUUDUUUDUUUDUUDUUUUUUUUUUUUDDUDUDUDUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUDUUUDUUUUDUUDUUDUUUUUUUUUUUDUDUUDUUUDUUUUUUDUDUDUUDUUUUUUUUUUUUDUUUDUUDUDUDUUUUDUDUDUDUDUUUUUUUUUUUDUUUUDUDUUUUDUUUUDUDUUUUDUUUUDUDUUUUDUUUUDUDUUUUDUUUUDUDUUUUDUUUUDUDUUUUDUUUUDUDUUUUDUUUUDUDUUUUDUUUUDUDUUUUDUUUUDUDUUUUDUUUUDUDUUUUDUUUUDUDUUUUDUUUUDUDUUUUDUUUUDUDUUUUDUUUUDUDUUUUDUUUUDUDUUUUDUUUUDUDUUUUDUUUUDUDUUUUDUUUUDUDUUUUDUUUUDUDUUUUDUUUUDUDUUUUDUUUUDUDUUUUDUUUUDUDUUUUDUUUUDUDUUUUDUUUUDUDUUUUDUUUUDUDUUUUDUUUUDUDUUUUDUUUUDUDUUUUDUUUUDUDUUUUDUUUUDUDUUUUUU', 354) == 872

Answer 14

JavaScript, 131 106 Bytes-

I know this won't win a Code Golf competition, but this was a fun and stupid solution to implement:

l=>s=>Function('i=c=0;'+s.replace(/./g,x=>`c++;i${{R:"=0",U:`++;if(i>=${l})re‌​turn c`,D:"--"}[x]};`))()

I kinda went the opposite of a "functional" route by making a dynamically-generated imperative solution, any instance of an instruction is replaced with an increment or decrement, and a counter increment.

Thanks to Cycoce for saving me 29 bytes!

Answer 15

Python, 121 bytes

def f(a,n):
 i=c=0
 while i<n:i={'U':lambda x:x+1,'D':lambda x:0 if x==0 else x-1,'R':lambda x:0}[a[c]](i);c+=1
 return c

Answer 16

PHP, 88 bytes

This generates some (3+2n where n is the number of commands run) notices but that doesn't matter for golfing, right?

<?php for(;$x++<$argv[1];)switch($argv[2][$i++]){case R;$x=2;case D;--$x?--$x:0;}echo$i;

ungolfed:

<?php                    # actually 1 byte shorter not as a function
for(;$x++<$argv[1];)     # not initialising the $x causes a notice but still works
                         # post increment $x by 1 regardless of the command (saves us writing a U case)
  switch($argv[2][$i++]) # get next command, increment number of commands
    {case R;             # R gets treated as a constant with value 'R'. and a notice
      $x=2;              # falling through to D which will double decrement so set to 2
    case D;              # same trick as R
      --$x?--$x:0;}      # decrement once then again if >0
echo$i;                  # output

Answer 17

PHP, 129 bytes

function r($h,$s){$i=0;$c=1;while($x=$s[$i++]){if($x=='U'){$c++;}elseif($x=='D'){--$c<1?$c=1:0;}else{$c=1;}if($c>$h){return$i;}}}

Not winning, but fun to create. PHP seems to dislike empty parts in the ternary operator (it throws a Syntax Error), so I had to put a 0 there.

Ungolfed version:

function r($h,$s) {          // $h - height of ladder; $s - instructions
  $i = 0;                    // Instruction index
  $c = 1;                    // Position on ladder
  while ($x = $s[$i++]){     // Set $x to current instruction and increment index
    if ($x == 'U'){          // If instruction is U...
      $c++;                  // Increment ladder position
    } elseif ($x == 'D') {   // If instruction is D...
      --$c < 1 ? $c = 1 : 0; // Decrement ladder position, if under 1 set to 1
    } else {                 // If instruction is anything else (in this case R)
      $c = 1;                // Reset ladder position
    }
    if ($c > $h) {           // If ladder position is larger than height...
      return $i;             // Return current instruction index
    }
  }
}

Answer 18

PHP, 113 bytes

Smaller version of https://codegolf.stackexchange.com/a/74575/13216

function r($h,$s){$i=0;$c=1;while($x=$s[$i++]){$c+=($x=='U'?1:($x=='D'?($c>1?-1:0):1-$c));if($c>$h){return $i;}}}

Ungolfed:

// $h - height of ladder; $s - instructions
function r($h,$s) {
    $i = 0;
    $c = 1;
    while ($x = $s[$i++]) {
        $c += (
            $x=='U'?
                1
            :
                (
                    $x=='D'? (
                        $c>1?
                            -1
                        :
                            0
                    ):
                        1-$c
                )
        );
        if ($c > $h) {
            return $i;
        }
    }
}

Answer 19

Java, 250 bytes

int cmds(int n, String s) {
int steps=1;
int count=0;
for (int i=0;i< s.length();i++) {
count++;
char c=s.charAt(i);
switch(c){
case 'D':
steps=(steps==1)?1:--steps;
break;
case 'R':
steps=1;
break;
case 'U':
++steps;
break;
}
if(steps>n)
return count;
}
return 0;
}

Answer 20

Mathematica, 114 120 bytes

(d=#~Max~1-1&;u=#+1&;r=1&;s=StringToStream@ToLowerCase@#;l=1;t=1;While[(l=ToExpression[s~Read~Character]@l)<=#2,t++];t)&

Anonymous function, which takes the two arguments (C,N). Careful using this, as it doesn't close the stream it opens. Also it assigns all its variables globally.

Edited to replace d=#-1& with d=#~Max~1-1&, so that robie doesn't go digging.

Answer 21

Pyth, 19 bytes

x.u@[tWNNhN00)CYz0Q

Try it online: Demonstration or Test Suite

Explanation:

x.u@[tWNNhN00)CYz0Q   implicit: z = input string, Q = input number
 .u             z0    reduce z: for each char Y in z manipulate N = 0 with:
    [        )           create a list with
     tWNN                  * N-1 if N>0 else N
         hN                * N+1
           0               * 0
            0              * 0
   @          CY         replace N by the ord(Y)-th element (mod 4)
 .u                   .u give us a list with all intermediate values of N
x                 Q   print the index of Q in this list

Answer 22

C, 91 bytes

No warnings with gcc -Wall. Recursion and comma-separated expressions.

r.c contains bare function:

int r(int N,int n,int s,char*C){return*C&&s<=N?s+=*C&2?-s:*C&1?1:-1,r(N,n+1,s?s:1,C+1):n;}

Commented,

int r(int N,   // number of steps on ladder
      int n,   // result, seed with 0
      int s,   // current step, seed with 1
      char *C  // command string
      )
{
    return *C&&s<=N ?  // still reading commands and still on ladder?
       s+=                // increment step value by...
        *C&2?             // bit test if 'R' but not 'U' or 'D'.
         -s               // negate to 0, will set to 1 in call if needed
         :*C&1?           // Not 'R', is it 'U'?
            1             // 'U', add 1
            :-1,          // Must be 'D', subtract 1
       r(N,n+1,s?s:1,C+1) // Recursive call, and fix case where s==0.
      :n;                 // end of string or fell off ladder
}

For reference,

'U'.charCodeAt(0).toString(2)
"1010101"
'D'.charCodeAt(0).toString(2)
"1000100"
'R'.charCodeAt(0).toString(2)
"1010010"

roboladder.c wrapper,

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include "r.c"
int main(int argc, char * argv[])
{
  int N = atoi(argv[1]);
  int n = r(N,0,1,argv[2]);
  int check = atoi(argv[3]);
  printf("%d : %d\n", n, check);
  return 0;
}

Makefile for testing,

run:
    @gcc -Wall robotladder.c -o robotladder 
    @./robotladder 1 U 1
    @./robotladder 1 DDRUDUU 4  
    @./robotladder 4 UDDUUUUURUUUUDDDD 7
    @./robotladder 4 UDDUURUUUUUUUDDDD 10
    @./robotladder 6 UUUUUDRUDDDDRDUUUUUUDRUUUUUUUDR 20
    @./robotladder 10 UUUUUURUUUUUUURUUUUUUUURUUUUUUUUUUUUUU 34
    @./robotladder 6 UUUDUUUUDDDDDDDDDDDDDDRRRRRRRRRRRUUUUUU 8
    @./robotladder 6 UUUDUUUDURUDDDUUUUUDDRUUUUDDUUUUURRUUDDUUUUUUUU 32
    @./robotladder 20 UUDDUDUUUDDUUDUDUUUDUDDUUUUUDUDUUDUUUUUUDUUDUDUDUUUUUDUUUDUDUUUUUUDUDUDUDUDUUUUUUUUUDUDUUDUDUUUUU 56
    @./robotladder 354 UUDDUUDUDUUDDUDUUUUDDDUDUUDUDUDUDDUUUUDUDUUDUDUUUDUDUDUUDUUUDUUUUUDUUDUDUUDUDUUUUUDUDUUDUDUDUDDUUUUUUUDUDUDUDUUUUUDUDUDUDUDUDUDUDUUDUUUUUURUUUDUUUUDDUUDUDUDURURURUDUDUUUUDUUUUUUDUDUDUDUDUUUUUUDUDUUUUUUUDUUUDUUDUDUDUUDUDUDUUUUUUUUUUDUUUDUDUUDUUDUUUDUUUUUUUUUUUUUDUUDUUDUDUDUUUDUDUUUUUUUDUUUDUUUDUUDUUDDUUUUUUUUDUDUDUDUDUUUUDUDUUUUUUUUDDUUDDUUDUUDUUDUDUDUDUUUUUUUUUDUUDUUDUUUDUUDUUUUUUUUUUUDUDUDUDUUUUUUUUUUUUDUUUDUUDUDDUUDUDUDUUUUUUUUUUUUDUDUDUUDUUUDUUUUUUUDUUUUUUUUUDUDUDUDUDUUUUUUDUDUDUUDUDUDUDUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUDUDUDUDDDUUUDDDDDUUUUUUUUUUUUUUDDUDUUDUUDUDUUUUUUDUDUDUDUDUUUUDUUUUDUDUDUUUDUUDDUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUDUUDUUDUUUDUDUUUUUUUUUUUDUUUDUUUUDUDUDUUUUUUUUUDUUUDUUUDUUDUUUUUUUUUUUUDDUDUDUDUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUDUUUDUUUUDUUDUUDUUUUUUUUUUUDUDUUDUUUDUUUUUUDUDUDUUDUUUUUUUUUUUUDUUUDUUDUDUDUUUUDUDUDUDUDUUUUUUUUUUUDUUUUDUDUUUUDUUUUDUDUUUUDUUUUDUDUUUUDUUUUDUDUUUUDUUUUDUDUUUUDUUUUDUDUUUUDUUUUDUDUUUUDUUUUDUDUUUUDUUUUDUDUUUUDUUUUDUDUUUUDUUUUDUDUUUUDUUUUDUDUUUUDUUUUDUDUUUUDUUUUDUDUUUUDUUUUDUDUUUUDUUUUDUDUUUUDUUUUDUDUUUUDUUUUDUDUUUUDUUUUDUDUUUUDUUUUDUDUUUUDUUUUDUDUUUUDUUUUDUDUUUUDUUUUDUDUUUUDUUUUDUDUUUUDUUUUDUDUUUUDUUUUDUDUUUUDUUUUDUDUUUUDUUUUDUDUUUUDUUUUDUDUUUUDUUUUDUDUUUUUU 872
    @wc -c r.c

Answer 23

Mathematica, 112 Bytes

i=0;First@Position[ToExpression["{"<>#~StringReplace~{"U"->"i++,","D"->"i=i~Max~1-1,","R"->"i=0,"}<>"0}"],#2-1]&

Answer 24

Clojure, 92 84 bytes

Counts n to zero instead zero to n, can utilize take-while pos?.

#(count(take-while pos?(reductions(fn[p o](if o(min(o p 1)%)%))%(map{\U -\D +}%2))))

Original:

#(count(take-while(partial > %)(reductions(fn[p o](if o(max(o p 1)0)0))0(map{\U +\D -}%2))))

Maps 2nd argument U to +, D to - and others to nil. Reducing function runs (operand position 1) with non-null operand and 0 otherwise. Takes values until we are higher than the 1st input argument and counts how many we've got.

Answer 25

Mathematica, 67 bytes

(p=i=0;While[p<#,p=Switch[#2[[++i]],"U",p+1,"D",1~Max~p-1,_,0]];i)&

Unnamed functions of two arguments, a positive integer and a list of characters, that returns a positive integer. A more straightforward While implementation than the other Mathematica entries, that manages to result in a more competetive length.