Build a Compiler Bomb

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Introduction

You're probably familiar with zip bombs, XML bombs, etc. Put simply, they are (relatively) small files which produce enormous output when interpreted by naïve software. The challenge here is to abuse a compiler in the same way.

Challenge

Write some source code which occupies 512 bytes or less and which compiles into a file which occupies the most possible space. Largest output file wins!

Rules

OK, so there are a few important clarifications, definitions and restrictions;

  • The output of the compilation must be an ELF file, a Windows Portable Executable (.exe), or virtual bytecode for the JVM or .Net's CLR (other types of virtual bytecode are also likely to be OK if asked for). Update: Python's .pyc / .pyo output also counts.
  • If your language-of-choice can't be compiled directly into one of those formats, transpilation followed by compilation is also allowed (Update: you can transpile multiple times, just so long as you never use the same language more than once).
  • Your source code can consist of multiple files, and even resource files, but the summed size of all these files must not exceed 512 bytes.
  • You cannot use any other input than your source file(s) and the standard library of your language-of-choice. Static linking standard libraries is OK when it's supported. Specifically, no third party libraries or OS libraries.
  • It must be possible to invoke your compilation using a command or series of commands. If you require specific flags when compiling, these count towards your byte limit (e.g. if your compile line is gcc bomb.c -o bomb -O3 -lm, the -O3 -lm part (7 bytes) will be counted (note the initial leading space isn't counted).
  • Preprocessors are permitted only if they are a standard compilation option for your language.
  • The environment is up to you, but in the interests of making this verifiable, please stick to recent (i.e. available) compiler versions and operating systems (and obviously specify which you're using).
  • It must compile without errors (warnings are OK), and crashing the compiler doesn't count for anything.
  • What your program actually does is irrelevant, though it can't be anything malicious. It doesn't even have to be able to start.

Example 1

The C program

main(){return 1;}

Compiled with Apple LLVM version 7.0.2 (clang-700.1.81) on OS X 10.11 (64-bit):

clang bomb.c -o bomb -pg

Produces a file of 9228 bytes. The total source size is 17+3 (for the -pg) = 20 bytes, which is easily within size limit.

Example 2

The Brainfuck program:

++++++[->++++++++++++<]>.----[--<+++>]<-.+++++++..+++.[--->+<]>-----.--
-[-<+++>]<.---[--->++++<]>-.+++.------.--------.-[---<+>]<.[--->+<]>-.

Transpiled with awib to c with:

./awib < bomb.bf > bomb.c

Then compiled with Apple LLVM version 7.0.2 (clang-700.1.81) on OS X 10.11 (64-bit):

clang bomb.c

Produces a file of 8464 bytes. The total input here is 143 bytes (since @lang_c is the default for awib it didn't need to be added to the source file, and there are no special flags on either command).

Also note that in this case, the temporary bomb.c file is 802 bytes, but this counts towards neither the source size nor the output size.

Final Note

If an output of more than 4GB is achieved (perhaps if somebody finds a turing complete preprocessor), the competition will be for the smallest source which produces a file of at least that size (it's just not practical to test submissions which get too big).

Dave

Posted 2016-01-11T23:50:07.503

Reputation: 7 519

If using a transpiler, does the output source code need to be under 512 bytes as well as the input source code? – trichoplax – 2016-01-11T23:57:41.150

@trichoplax only the original source needs to be within the byte limit. The source after transpilation can be as big as you like (the Brainfuck example has an intermediate size of 802 bytes, for example) – Dave – 2016-01-11T23:59:40.887

3Is repeated transpilation allowed? – orlp – 2016-01-12T00:02:21.523

@orip interesting; I think I'll say: only if you never have to the same language more than once. So for example, Befunge -> Java -> C would be OK, but Fortran -> Java -> Fortran wouldn't. – Dave – 2016-01-12T00:08:25.410

So interpreted languages, unless transpiled, cannot be used for this challenge, correct? – LegionMammal978 – 2016-01-12T00:11:26.883

3@LegionMammal978 yes it has to produce one of the file types I specified. But if you think you've found something which is more virtual-machine than interpreted-language, ask about it specifically and it's possible I'll allow it (it's a bit subjective so I wanted to be very restrictive to begin, with the option of opening it up) – Dave – 2016-01-12T00:21:37.923

Python is an example of a language regarded as interpreted that compiles to bytecode. – trichoplax – 2016-01-12T00:40:48.593

@trichoplax speak of the devil. I was literally about to ask Dave if python compiles to one of his specified formats. Thanks! – Ashwin Gupta – 2016-01-12T00:51:48.153

3@trichoplax I wasn't aware of that, but from some reading it looks like yes; compiling to Python bytecode absolutely counts. So for python, the output size would be the sum total size of all your pyc/pyo files. I'll update the question soon with these comment-based updates. – Dave – 2016-01-12T00:58:24.413

OK, all updated. I'm off for now (it's late in England!). I'll be back to answer any other questions tomorrow. Good luck! – Dave – 2016-01-12T01:27:48.277

A "turing-complete preprocessor" is generally not a preprocessor (step that happens before parsing) at all, but a metaprogramming system that gets executed at some point between parsing and codegen. There are several languages that have one, or have had one grafted on in some way. – Mason Wheeler – 2016-01-12T18:38:31.590

How about modifying the source code of a compiler so that anything it compiles is really big? And then use it to compile itself.... – WGroleau – 2016-01-13T04:21:39.097

Don't forget fork bombs, which does something similar to your CPU capacity.

– Mast – 2016-01-13T08:52:18.270

@WGroleau generally in code challenges you can't use anything which was specially-built for the purpose. In fact, using anything developed since the question was posted is generally not allowed. – Dave – 2016-01-13T14:27:12.260

When you say 4GB, do you mean 4,294,967,296 bytes (4 * 2^30), or 4,000,000,000 bytes (4 * 10^9)? – Patrick Roberts – 2016-01-13T21:00:36.560

@PatrickRoberts well 4GB officially means 4,000,000,000 bytes (it's GiB for 1024^3), but I can't imagine it would make a lot of difference to any answer. The rule is only there to keep things vaguely sane! – Dave – 2016-01-13T21:15:51.440

@Dave reason I ask is because of the footnote about scoring. If you're shooting for as close to 4GB as possible, then it actually matters which of the two it is. – Patrick Roberts – 2016-01-13T22:04:34.740

"perhaps if somebody finds a turing complete preprocessor" Common Lisp's macros have the full language available. It'd be easy to add a literal 4GB array to the source. – Joshua Taylor – 2016-01-14T21:27:31.113

Even the humble C preprocessor is close enough to Turing complete as makes no difference. Although to be honest that says more about the utter uselessness of Turing-completeness as a real-world measurement of power than anything else (for practical engineering TC is rarely useful, and rarely even used; has more negative consequences than positive).

– Leushenko – 2016-01-14T22:10:26.970

Are only "commercially available" compilers allowed or would it be allowed to write an own compiler? – Martin Rosenau – 2016-01-17T15:19:23.840

2@MartinRosenau - WGroleau already asked a similar question; it's standard in coding challenges that you can use anything which already existed when the challenge began. – Dave – 2016-01-17T17:09:57.083

Why the 4GB limit? before I saw that rule, I was imagining seeing code one-liners that would create enough material to fill a data-center, which would be awesome. – GiantCowFilms – 2016-01-19T01:53:00.043

@GiantCowFilms: You can still find many such solutions here, ie. ones which can be freely scaled by changing the exponent. (Eg. change the 4**7 in my original solution to 2**32, and it would theoretically generate 8 exabytes of output) As the rule mentions, it exists because no-one would be able to test solutions which fill a data-center or use a terabyte of RAM, so they would be theoretical at best. (I, for one, had problems testing my own solution, with a machine that has 16GB of RAM, even though the output is only 8.5GB, since it uses significantly more RAM than that :P) – Aleksi Torhamo – 2016-01-19T03:54:49.223

@Dave can it be a batch file being compiled with http://www.f2ko.de/en/b2e.php ?

– rahuldottech – 2016-12-10T10:04:48.823

@Rahul2001 yes that would be allowed, but technically it would have to be a version from before Jan 11 this year (when the question was asked), which looking at the internet archive means version 2.3.4. Of course it might be tricky to get an old version, so as long as it would theoretically be about the same result on the old version, that's fine (i.e. no use of newer features). – Dave – 2016-12-10T10:16:46.017

@Dave Okay thanks... I'll see if I can get this code which I have in mind to get to work... – rahuldottech – 2016-12-10T10:18:03.680

Answers

446

C, (14 + 15) = 29 byte source, 17,179,875,837 (16 GB) byte executable

Thanks to @viraptor for 6 bytes off.

Thanks to @hvd for 2 bytes off and executable size x4.

This defines the main function as a large array and initialises its first element. This causes GCC to store the entire array in the resulting executable.

Because this array is bigger than 2GB, we need to provide the -mcmodel=medium flag to GCC. The extra 15 bytes are included in the score, as per the rules.

main[-1u]={1};

Don't expect this code to do anything nice when run.

Compile with:

gcc -mcmodel=medium cbomb.c -o cbomb

It took me a while to get round to testing @hvd's suggestion - and to find a machine with enough juice to handle it. Eventually I found a old non-production RedHat 5.6 VM with 10GB RAM, 12GB swap, and /tmp set to a large local partition. GCC version is 4.1.2. Total compile time about 27 minutes.

Due to the CPU and RAM load, I recommend against doing this compile on any remotely production-related machine.

Digital Trauma

Posted 2016-01-11T23:50:07.503

Reputation: 64 644

Nice. Looks like it's off to a higher start than I'd expected! – Dave – 2016-01-12T00:23:36.307

wow, 4GB already. Incidentally, I've been avoiding counting the leading space for extra arguments (to avoid ambiguity with combined flags, etc.) so you can claim +15 bytes rather than +16 – Dave – 2016-01-12T01:01:24.887

1does something break if you use the large mcmodel? saves a byte :) – Sparr – 2016-01-12T01:13:44.890

2@Sparr strangely it does for me. crtstuff.c:(.text+0x1): relocation truncated to fit: R_X86_64_32 against symbol '__TMC_END__' defined in .data section in cbomb. Beats me. – Digital Trauma – 2016-01-12T01:14:41.373

also, I'm pretty sure {1} initializes all elements to 1, not just the first. – Sparr – 2016-01-12T01:18:20.690

11

@Sparr Elements with missing values will be initialized to 0

– Digital Trauma – 2016-01-12T01:19:36.537

Unfortunately with your latest code and GCC4.9 I get this error: /var/folders/[...].s:6:Repeat < 0, .space ignored. It looks like it's a mac issue though, so I'll test it again later when I'm on Kubuntu. (your earlier, ~1GB version is verified) – Dave – 2016-01-12T01:22:18.987

1

@Dave I'm testing on Ubuntu 14.04.3 with GCC 4.8.4. Are you sure the gcc on your OSX is actually GCC?. The default was switched to LLVM a few releases back.

– Digital Trauma – 2016-01-12T01:39:36.083

13I'm playing against my solution here, but... you don't need a. You can just use main[1<<30]={1}; – viraptor – 2016-01-12T01:41:57.860

@DigitalTrauma yeah I'm using an explicit gcc49 install. Though the default clang (masquerading as gcc) can't handle it either. I'll test it on linux tomorrow, where I expect it will be fine. – Dave – 2016-01-12T01:45:42.533

2@DigitalTrauma it actually puts the 1,0,0,0,0,0.... as the contents of the main function. That is - the first instruction of main() is 00, which should fail with invalid instruction exception. – viraptor – 2016-01-12T02:01:43.750

1Why not use main[1<<31]={1};? – wizzwizz4 – 2016-01-12T17:32:34.063

@wizzwizz4 2 reasons. 1) 4GB executable is big enough as per the question. 2) 1<<31 > MAX_INT, and thus the compiler sees it as a -ve value. – Digital Trauma – 2016-01-12T17:47:40.017

2@DigitalTrauma But you could use main[(unsigned int)1<<... oh. :-/ Thanks for explaining! – wizzwizz4 – 2016-01-12T18:27:26.567

38Oh my. This is evil. X froze for several minutes trying to compile that code. I was starting to look for another computer to possibly ssh back in and kill the gcc process before it finally came back to life. Btw. If you want a larger value than 1<<30 then 7<<28 could be an option. – kasperd – 2016-01-12T19:55:02.450

1Took a few minutes, but yup - latest code is confirmed on Kubuntu. – Dave – 2016-01-12T22:38:03.363

1Would mcmodel=large also work? – Batman – 2016-01-12T23:26:22.107

33ockquote>

4gb? That escalated quickly

– Wayne Werner – 2016-01-13T01:28:51.123

2Can you explain HOW this behaving of the compiler occurs? I would be interested in it. – Zaibis – 2016-01-13T09:02:39.103

18

In case anyone else is wondering why this compiles: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/34764796/why-does-declaring-main-as-an-array-compile

– T. C. – 2016-01-13T11:40:27.230

Hmm... I wonder if there are any compilers that would let you get away with switching out the 1<<X with something like 0U-1 for UINT_MAXimum carnage... – Parthian Shot – 2016-01-13T16:24:14.367

4On my computer it doesn't even compile, because I have /tmp in the RAM. – s3lph – 2016-01-13T18:29:25.330

6@ParthianShot You can use -1u to save one more byte. GCC seems to be okay with it, but I don't have enough free disk space to tell for certain. – hvd – 2016-01-13T21:45:22.013

3@the_Seppi You can use the TMPDIR environment variable to have it put temporary files elsewhere. – kasperd – 2016-01-16T15:01:40.833

1You could even be larger than 4GB when using a 64-bit compiler! – Martin Rosenau – 2016-01-17T15:18:16.857

@hvd I finally got round to testing your suggestion - thanks! – Digital Trauma – 2016-01-20T23:26:33.993

1@viraptor The Intel architecture is little-endian. The first instruction is encoded as 01 00 which is add dword ptr [eax], eax. All of the subsequent instructions encode as 00 00 which is add byte ptr [eax], al. Whether or not this seg faults will depend on eax, but it's pretty likely since no data space is defined. – Zakipu – 2016-01-21T01:25:57.353

2can't you use mcmodel=large or small to save a byte? It still compiles. – Good Person – 2016-10-15T21:49:48.037

2would -1lu or even -1llu be supported? – Florian Castellane – 2017-02-06T08:40:55.813

You wouldn't be testing things at work, would you OP? – Magic Octopus Urn – 2017-02-16T20:14:21.517

I tried this in a VM using the Ubuntu Subsystem for Windows. It kept running out of memory even though I assigned it 4GB and at no point did the entire 4GB fill up. – DaveTheMinion – 2018-03-10T18:12:15.593

204

C#, about 1 min to compile, 28MB output binary:

class X<A,B,C,D,E>{class Y:X<Y,Y,Y,Y,Y>{Y.Y.Y.Y.Y.Y.Y.Y.Y y;}}

Adding more Y's will increase the size exponentially.

An explanation by Pharap as per @Odomontois' request:

This answer is abusing inheritance and type parameters to create recursion. To understand what's happening, it's easier to first simplify the problem. Consider class X<A> { class Y : X<Y> { Y y; } }, which generates the generic class X<A>, which has an inner class Y. X<A>.Y inherits X<Y>, hence X<A>.Y also has an inner class Y, which is then X<A>.Y.Y. This then also has an inner class Y, and that inner class Y has an inner class Y etc. This means that you can use scope resolution (.) ad infinitum, and every time you use it, the compiler has to deduce another level of inheritance and type parameterisation.

By adding additional type parameters, the work the compiler has to do at each stage is further increased.

Consider the following cases:
In class X<A> { class Y : X<Y> { Y y;} } type param A has a type of X<A>.Y.
In class X<A> { class Y : X<Y> { Y.Y y;} } type param A has a type of X<X<A>.Y>.Y.
In class X<A> { class Y : X<Y> { Y.Y.Y y;} } type param A has a type of X<X<X<A>.Y>.Y>.Y.
In class X<A,B> { class Y : X<Y,Y> { Y y;} } type param A is X<A,B>.Y and B is X<A,B>.Y.
In class X<A> { class Y : X<Y> { Y.Y y;} } type param A is X<X<A,B>.Y, X<A,B>.Y>.Y and B is X<X<A,B>.Y, X<A,B>.Y>.Y.
In class X<A> { class Y : X<Y> { Y.Y.Y y;} } type param A is X<X<X<A,B>.Y, X<A,B>.Y>.Y, X<X<A,B>.Y, X<A,B>.Y>.Y>.Y and B is X<X<X<A,B>.Y, X<A,B>.Y>.Y, X<X<A,B>.Y, X<A,B>.Y>.Y>.Y.

Following this pattern, one can only imagine1 the work the compiler would have to do to to deduce what A to E are in Y.Y.Y.Y.Y.Y.Y.Y.Y in the definition class X<A,B,C,D,E>{class Y:X<Y,Y,Y,Y,Y>{Y.Y.Y.Y.Y.Y.Y.Y.Y y;}}.

1 You could figure it out, but you'd need a lot of patience, and intellisense won't help you out here.

Vladimir Reshetnikov

Posted 2016-01-11T23:50:07.503

Reputation: 2 293

14This is more like the sort of insanity I was expecting! Looks like I'm off to reinstall Mono… – Dave – 2016-01-12T02:00:52.583

31Can you provide an explanation of such notorious effect? – Odomontois – 2016-01-12T08:58:52.057

16+1 for doing more than just initializing a large array. – Stig Hemmer – 2016-01-12T09:18:36.630

6

Here's an example using Try Roslyn and just 3 Ys.

– Kobi – 2016-01-12T12:21:08.537

4Verified with mcs bomb.cs, but I had to add class M{static void Main(){}} to the source (still easily within the byte limit). If you have a way to compile it without a Main method please post the command! Also, 1 more .Y produces ~146MB, then ~732MB, then… I'll get back to you on the next one! – Dave – 2016-01-12T21:09:26.190

2@Dave Try mcs /target:library bomb.cs – Andrew Vermie – 2016-01-12T21:15:06.037

10I saw this question and immediately thought of you. Nice! – Eric Lippert – 2016-01-13T16:14:52.163

There was a stackoverflow question about this - I remember reading it, but can't find it now. If you have a link, I will greatly appreciate it if you share. – Andrew Savinykh – 2016-01-13T18:41:55.030

1@StigHemmer are classes not just large arrays? ;) – Premier Bromanov – 2016-01-13T18:43:31.163

@PremierBromanov Is everything not just a large array, then? – user253751 – 2016-01-13T22:41:45.080

@immibis exactly – Premier Bromanov – 2016-01-14T05:23:13.530

Vladimir Reshetnikov! Good to see you here (and MSE) – qwr – 2016-01-14T18:45:08.053

@Dave You could have put static void Main(){} in X's definition. The compiler only cares that there is a suitable entry point available, it's not worried about which class it's in (though it still has to be told which suitable entry point is the one you're using). – Pharap – 2016-01-15T12:25:37.317

I'm going to see how far I can take this with 16GB RAM. – ldam – 2016-01-15T13:57:30.840

1Nevermind. Crashed trying with 11 Ys :D – ldam – 2016-01-15T14:03:23.090

154

Python 3, 13 byte source, 9,057,900,463 byte (8.5GiB) .pyc-file

(1<<19**8,)*2

Edit: Changed the code to the version above after I realized the rules say output size beyond 4GiB doesn't matter, and the code for this one is ever so slightly shorter; The previous code - and more importantly the explanation - can be found below.


Python 3, 16 byte source, >32TB .pyc-file (if you have enough memory, disk space and patience)

(1<<19**8,)*4**7

Explanation: Python 3 does constant folding, and you get big numbers fast with exponentation. The format used by .pyc files stores the length of the integer representation using 4 bytes, though, and in reality the limit seems to be more like 2**31, so using just exponentation to generate one big number, the limit seems to be generating a 2GB .pyc file from an 8 byte source. (19**8 is a bit shy of 8*2**31, so 1<<19**8 has a binary representation just under 2GB; the multiplication by eight is because we want bytes, not bits)

However, tuples are also immutable and multiplying a tuple is also constant folded, so we can duplicate that 2GB blob as many times as we want, up to at least 2**31 times, probably. The 4**7 to get to 32TB was chosen just because it was the first exponent I could find that beat the previous 16TB answer.

Unfortunately, with the memory I have on my own computer, I could test this only up to a multiplier of 2, ie. (1<<19**8,)*2, which generated a 8.5GB file, which I hope demonstrates that the answer is realistic (ie. the file size isn't limited to 2**32=4GB).

Also, I have no idea why the file size I got when testing was 8.5GB instead of the 4GB-ish I expected, and the file is big enough that I don't feel like poking around it at the moment.

Aleksi Torhamo

Posted 2016-01-11T23:50:07.503

Reputation: 1 871

2+1, but why don't (1<<19**8,)*2? 4GB is enough. – Akangka – 2016-01-14T10:38:25.413

2@ChristianIrwan: Yeah, I'd forgotten that rule, only realized it a few minutes ago and haven't figured out what kind of edit I should make yet. :-) – Aleksi Torhamo – 2016-01-14T10:46:38.893

1Nice. Since this is only 13 bytes, we finally have a challenger to the first-posted answer! I was only able to confirm 1<<18 on my machine (1.5GB) but I'll test it on linux later, where I expect it will work with the full 8GB (not going to try the 32TB version!) – Dave – 2016-01-17T17:22:33.407

1@Dave: The exact size might depend on the version (1.5GB sounds weird no matter what, though); I was using Python 3.3.5, and used python -m py_compile asd.py to generate the .pyc-file. – Aleksi Torhamo – 2016-01-17T18:17:17.983

1@AleksiTorhamo it's small because I had to change it to 1<<18**8 instead of 1<<19**8. The full version failed with an invalid IO operation (so I'll check it on another OS & filesystem) – Dave – 2016-01-17T21:04:53.813

@Dave: Ahhh, I totally misunderstood what you meant. :P – Aleksi Torhamo – 2016-01-17T21:17:51.427

3IIRC, python uses 30 bits per 32-bit word in its integer representation – None – 2016-10-06T23:34:50.907

130

If an output of more than 4GB is achieved (perhaps if somebody finds a turing complete preprocessor), the competition will be for the smallest source which produces a file of at least that size (it's just not practical to test submissions which get too big).

"Template Haskell" allows Haskell code to be generated at compile-time using Haskell, and is hence a turing complete pre-processor.

Here's my attempt, parameterised by an arbitrary numerical expression FOO:

import Language.Haskell.TH;main=print $(ListE .replicate FOO<$>[|0|])

The magic is the code inside the "splice" $(...). This will be executed at compile time, to generate a Haskell AST, which is grafted on to the program's AST in place of the splice.

In this case, we make a simple AST representing the literal 0, we replicate this FOO times to make a list, then we use ListE from the Language.Haskell.TH module to turn this list of ASTs into one big AST, representing the literal [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, ...].

The resulting program is equivalent to main = print [0, 0, 0, ...] with FOO repetitions of 0.

To compile to ELF:

$ ghc -XTemplateHaskell big.hs
[1 of 1] Compiling Main             ( big.hs, big.o )
Linking big ...
$ file big
big: ELF 32-bit LSB executable, Intel 80386, version 1 (SYSV), dynamically linked, interpreter /nix/store/mibabdfiaznqaxqiy4bqhj3m9gaj45km-glibc-2.21/lib/ld-linux.so.2, for GNU/Linux 2.6.32, not stripped

This weighs in at 83 bytes (66 for the Haskell code and 17 for the -XTemplateHaskell argument), plus the length of FOO.

We can avoid the compiler argument and just compile with ghc, but we have to put {-# LANGUAGE TemplateHaskell#-} at the beginning, which bumps the code up to 97 bytes.

Here are a few example expressions for FOO, and the size of the resulting binary:

FOO         FOO size    Total size    Binary size
-------------------------------------------------
(2^10)      6B          89B           1.1MB
(2^15)      6B          89B           3.6MB
(2^17)      6B          89B           12MB
(2^18)      6B          89B           23MB
(2^19)      6B          89B           44MB

I ran out of RAM compiling with (2^20).

We can also make an infinite list, using repeat instead of replicate FOO, but that prevents the compiler from halting ;)

Warbo

Posted 2016-01-11T23:50:07.503

Reputation: 1 389

46Welcome to Programming Puzzles and Code Golf. This is a brilliant answer, especially for a new user to this site. If you need any help (which I doubt), feel free to ask. – wizzwizz4 – 2016-01-12T17:05:02.033

3@wizzwizz4: Yeah, it is a brilliant answer. It's essentially the same as mine, except that in Haskell it requires a special compiler directive to make the metaprogramming work. ;) – Mason Wheeler – 2016-01-12T17:14:04.313

2When I compile with GHC 7.8.3 I get "Not in scope: ‘<$>’" (I set the code to [...].replicate (2^10)<$>[|0|])). I'm not experienced with Haskell; any hints on how to make this compile? – Dave – 2016-01-12T23:36:38.650

39Too bad template haskell isn't lazy enough to stream out an infinite executable. – PyRulez – 2016-01-13T01:46:10.530

1Hi @Dave the <$> function is widely used in Haskell, but was only moved to the "prelude" (the set of functions available by default) in GHC 7.10. For earlier versions you'll need to add import Control.Applicative; after the exising import statement. I just tried with GHC 7.8.4 and it works. – Warbo – 2016-01-13T11:36:07.897

1I came here to post something exactly like this. Well done. – MathematicalOrchid – 2016-01-13T12:15:49.057

Cool; confirmed :) – Dave – 2016-01-13T21:09:58.063

It should be easy to make the growth here exponential here. Ben Lippmeier used to show an example on IRC which looked like: main = print x where x1 = (); x2=(x1,x1), x3=(x2,x2)... x=(xn,xn), which should be almost trivial to implement using TH. Then the file size would be proportional to 2^N (where N is FOO but optimised for code size :P) [For food measure, use !x with BangPatterns turned on, to ensure it is actually computer, if the binary doesn't end up being that big] – Axman6 – 2016-01-18T03:17:56.067

@Axman6 Interesting, but remember that FOO is an arbitrary Haskell expression of type Int. The linear relationship to the value of FOO is incidental: imagine if we used 2^BAR instead of FOO: that matches your proposed exponential solution without having to change the TH. We could also beat it using factorial, or Ackermann, etc. – Warbo – 2016-01-19T18:57:29.090

@Axman6 A program of length L can't exceed binaries of size BusyBeaver(L). Any "boilerplate" bytes (those which aren't part of our numerical expression) don't count towards the argument of BusyBeaver, so for B bytes of boilerplate we're limited to BusyBeaver(L-B). Therefore the overwhelmingly best strategy is to minimise boilerplate (in our case, TH): no matter how smart it looks, BusyBeaver is smarter than us, and will make better use of those bytes ( https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=9060014 ).

– Warbo – 2016-01-19T19:17:05.807

@wizzwizz4 don't be a patronizing asshole – user234461 – 2018-09-03T13:31:24.877

2

@user234461 Ok, I won't be... I don't know where that came from, though; I was rubbish at golfing when I first came to this site and am still not as good as this user, so I used bold face to emphasise the compliment. https://www.xkcd.com/677/

– wizzwizz4 – 2018-09-03T17:34:35.080

80

C++, 250 + 26 = 276 bytes

template<int A,int B>struct a{static const int n;};
template<int A,int B>const int a<A,B>::n=a<A-1,a<A,B-1>::n>::n;
template<int A>struct a<A,0>{static const int n=a<A-1,1>::n;};
template<int B>struct a<0,B>{static const int n=B+1;};
int h=a<4,2>::n;

This is the Ackermann function implemented in templates. I'm not able to compile with h=a<4,2>::n; on my little (6GB) machine, but I did manage h=a<3,14> for a 26M output file. You can tune the constants to hit your platform's limits - see the linked Wikipedia article for guidance.

Requires -g flag to GCC (because it's all the debug symbols that actually consume any space), and a larger-than-default template depth. My compile line ended up as

g++ -ftemplate-depth=999999 -g -c -o 69189.o 69189.cpp

Platform information

g++ (Ubuntu 4.8.2-19ubuntu1) 4.8.2
Linux 3.13.0-46-generic #79-Ubuntu SMP x86_64 GNU/Linux

Toby Speight

Posted 2016-01-11T23:50:07.503

Reputation: 5 058

I really like this one, but I'm not sure I can accept a .o output, since I did say ELF/.exe/etc. (and compiling this fully optimises it all out!). Still, +1 (and confirmed) – Dave – 2016-01-12T23:01:29.487

4Update: As Ben Voigt points out on his answer, GCC on Linux does generate ELF files as .o output, and I've been able to confirm the <3,14> variant with it, so yup - this is valid. – Dave – 2016-01-13T00:34:12.350

17I was expecting something absurd to come out of C++ templates. I wasn't expecting the Ackermann function. – Mark – 2016-01-13T09:42:17.367

won't Fibonacci give you a smaller code and better output size control? – Will Ness – 2016-01-14T21:45:51.633

1But we want bigger code! Fibonacci gives almost the same size as pure linear code (but longer compile time that the linear). You could certainly have fun with a static array of size A+B in each class, now I think of it... – Toby Speight – 2016-01-15T13:40:21.183

Unless you are really careful, the limitation here will be template depth based. Which means that the byte count will grow with the template depth parameter more than anything; only exponential. Seems sad to use Ackermann to get only exponential growth. – Yakk – 2017-02-06T15:57:45.283

65

ASM, 61 bytes (29 bytes source, 32 bytes for flags), 4,294,975,320 bytes executable

.globl main
main:
.zero 1<<32

Compile with gcc the_file.s -mcmodel=large -Wl,-fuse-ld=gold

viraptor

Posted 2016-01-11T23:50:07.503

Reputation: 701

The 4GB threshold means you only need 1<<30! I haven't been able to test this one yet (looks like I'm having some general issues with my gcc installation on this machine, but I'm getting _main not found linker issues with this). I'll try on linux tomorrow & upvote if I get it to work! – Dave – 2016-01-12T01:59:13.317

51<<30 is good enough for C. Since this is assembler, the size is in bytes. – viraptor – 2016-01-12T02:00:18.623

Ah, makes sense. – Dave – 2016-01-12T02:02:08.860

1I ran out of memory on my system. It does generate the temporary .o file (4.1G), but the linker cannot cope. (out of memory error) Someone with a lot of ram needs to try this... It does not crash the compiler though, so should still meet the rules. – viraptor – 2016-01-12T02:21:20.437

@viraptor how much ram, exactly? – cat – 2016-01-12T02:43:16.053

2

@viraptor My system has 32GB of RAM and for kicks I tried to build your code. as manages to hand off to ld, but ld fails with this. Not even -mcmodel=medium seems to help.

– Iwillnotexist Idonotexist – 2016-01-12T02:49:44.680

@IwillnotexistIdonotexist oh, that's disappointing. Could you try again after adding .data as the first line? (mcmodel may actually change the result in that case) – viraptor – 2016-01-12T02:58:54.107

@viraptor Still no dice, but fewer linker errors this time.

– Iwillnotexist Idonotexist – 2016-01-12T03:15:56.403

2try forcing use of gold linker: gcc -fuse-ld=gold ... compiles/links... eek! Finished in 1:29 (89 seconds) and size of 1,073,748,000 bytes. – lornix – 2016-01-12T07:47:50.410

Oops, that was the 1<<30 version, 1<<32 version takes more than 5:48, gold dies though. Interesting... – lornix – 2016-01-12T07:58:31.200

I'm experimenting with linker scripts. I really want to get this to work :) – viraptor – 2016-01-12T08:15:03.127

Did it ever finish assembling? – Digital Trauma – 2016-01-12T17:50:05.627

2I finally got this to assemble on 64-bit Ubuntu 15.10, with invocation gcc -o g g.s -mcmodel=large -Wl,-fuse-ld=gold. Final tally: 4,294,975,320 bytes, with 32 extra bytes added to the program length for -mcmodel=large -Wl,-fuse-ld=gold. Worth noting that the header is incorrect; the source is 29 bytes (without the extra flags added). – Mego – 2016-01-12T18:24:03.257

3By bumping the allocation up to 1<<33, I ended up with a 8,589,942,616 byte executable. – Mego – 2016-01-12T18:37:20.050

@Mego Thank you very much! I updated the description. – viraptor – 2016-01-12T21:52:11.717

@viraptor I also updated the score in the title to include the necessary flags. – Mego – 2016-01-12T21:54:58.673

Confirmed with GCC on Kubuntu. – Dave – 2016-01-12T22:30:51.220

60

Here's my C answer from 2005. Would produce a 16TB binary if you had 16TB RAM (you don't).

struct indblock{
   uint32_t blocks[4096];
};

struct dindblock {
    struct indblock blocks[4096];
};

struct tindblock {
    struct dindblock blocks[4096];
};

struct inode {
    char data[52]; /* not bothering to retype the details */
    struct indblock ind;
    struct dindblock dint;
    struct tindblock tind;
};

struct inode bbtinode;

int main(){}

Joshua

Posted 2016-01-11T23:50:07.503

Reputation: 3 043

19"Would produce a 16TB binary if you had 16TB RAM (you don't)." - neither do I have a 16TB hard drive! I can't really verify this one, but it's cool nonetheless. – Dave – 2016-01-12T23:45:20.960

5I discovered this one by accident and watched the compiler topple over when it ran out of address space. – Joshua – 2016-01-12T23:57:18.633

In my C++ answer, I wanted to avoid doing this because you run afoul of implementation limits on size of a single object, so my templates instead generate large numbers of more reasonably-sized objects. – Ben Voigt – 2016-01-13T00:22:50.843

8Please do NOT attempt to golf this entry; golfing defeats the intent of the code sample and there are no score benefits to doing so anyway. Code is already GPL'd as of 2005. – Joshua – 2016-01-13T02:23:37.230

@Joshua: I wasn't golfing the entry, right now it is broken, because the first three lines define a variable, not a type. Then the next structure fails because its member uses an incomplete type. – Ben Voigt – 2016-01-14T14:56:23.047

@Mego: See the revision history. – Joshua – 2016-01-14T19:50:02.157

@Joshua: In the future when you review a suggested edit, be sure to read the explanatory comment.

– Ben Voigt – 2016-01-14T20:06:57.557

6

@BenVoigt Regardless, editing other people's code is never acceptable here. Leave a comment if there's an issue. Relevant meta post: http://meta.codegolf.stackexchange.com/questions/1615/suggested-edits-reject-golfing

– Mego – 2016-01-14T20:27:46.043

In which case, what edit did you make to my code Mego? The diff says you edited the whole thing but I can't spot any differences. – Joshua – 2016-01-14T20:36:03.187

2@Joshua: Check the markdown diff. Mego only added the highlighting hint. – n̴̖̋h̷͉̃a̷̭̿h̸̡̅ẗ̵̨́d̷̰̀ĥ̷̳ – 2016-01-15T07:59:47.880

1I would assume that the 16TB of data is very very repetitive, therefor you should be able to put both a swapfile and the output file on a compressed FS and then be able to do this, but I'm not sure. – Shelvacu – 2016-01-15T18:08:06.620

@shelvacu: The more immediate problem is the code causes the compiler to allocate 16TB RAM at once. – Joshua – 2016-01-15T18:09:32.060

1

@Joshua That's why you also put a swapfile on the compressed FS. I'm pretty sure that would work but I'm not sure. Also possibly zram: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zram

– Shelvacu – 2016-01-15T18:16:26.943

1I tried to compile it to see how fast it would lock up, i included stdint.h because it didn't know the type uint32_t. After that it compiles within the second and generates a segmentation fault when i run it. – x13 – 2016-01-20T10:41:54.333

@x13 reproducing behavior here.

– MD XF – 2017-05-22T21:06:53.113

the (You Don't) makes this response one that will not age gracefully with time. I (and people of my current time period) still don't. but at some point every one will. – Alex Bollbach – 2017-06-02T23:36:35.513

@AlexBollbach: The compiler's been fixed to not require the RAM since then. But as for 16TB RAM that can't fit in current RAM physical sizes because that would make one bit smaller than one atom. It's not impossible that will be willing to make our computers big enough, but its unlikely. In addition, the actual code for this answer was for 32 bit when I first discovered it. You don't have 16 TB 32 bit RAM for a single process. – Joshua – 2017-06-03T01:45:11.037

@Joshua: I'm sorry, but there's just no way that that can be correct, as there are 1TB SD cards available, and you could fit ~6 of those per one side of a RAM stick. (So clearly you can fit at least 12TB of storage in the space of a single RAM stick without hitting any fundamental physical limits, and most motherboards have more than one RAM slot) For one atom per bit, you could actually fit on the order of 100-1000TB per square centimeter (1 atom thick), or billions of TB per cubic centimeter. – Aleksi Torhamo – 2019-04-04T21:54:42.500

25

Plain old C preprocessor: 214 bytes input, 5MB output

Inspired by my real-world preprocessor fail here.

#define A B+B+B+B+B+B+B+B+B+B
#define B C+C+C+C+C+C+C+C+C+C
#define C D+D+D+D+D+D+D+D+D+D
#define D E+E+E+E+E+E+E+E+E+E
#define E F+F+F+F+F+F+F+F+F+F
#define F x+x+x+x+x+x+x+x+x+x

int main(void) { int x, y = A; }

Experiments show that each level of #defines will (as expected) make the output approximately ten times larger. But since this example took more than an hour to compile, I never went on to "G".

Thomas Padron-McCarthy

Posted 2016-01-11T23:50:07.503

Reputation: 501

9This is kinda like an xml bomb – an earwig – 2016-01-14T19:24:55.883

9Specifically it is an implementation of the original "Billion Laughs". – mınxomaτ – 2016-01-15T10:11:56.823

This is insane yet simple. – Vahid Amiri – 2016-01-16T08:20:56.943

2Wow, this actually causes a segfault in GCC 4.9 and Clang. Which compiler did you use? – Dave – 2016-01-17T17:26:34.300

@Dave: gcc (Ubuntu 4.8.4-2ubuntu1~14.04) 4.8.4 – Thomas Padron-McCarthy – 2016-01-18T01:35:25.493

1@Dave: Strange. When I compile using make, it compiles, but if I type in the exact same command that make uses, it crashes. And it doesn't seem to be related to environment variables. – Thomas Padron-McCarthy – 2016-01-18T01:45:18.120

24

Java, 450 + 22 = 472 bytes source, ~1GB class file

B.java (golfed version, warning during compilation)

import javax.annotation.processing.*;@SupportedAnnotationTypes("java.lang.Override")public class B extends AbstractProcessor{@Override public boolean process(java.util.Set a,RoundEnvironment r){if(a.size()>0){try(java.io.Writer w=processingEnv.getFiler().createSourceFile("C").openWriter()){w.write("class C{int ");for(int i=0;i<16380;++i){for(int j=0;j<65500;++j){w.write("i");}w.write(i+";int ");}w.write("i;}");}catch(Exception e){}}return true;}}

B.java (ungolfed version)

import java.io.Writer;
import java.util.Set;

import javax.annotation.processing.AbstractProcessor;
import javax.annotation.processing.RoundEnvironment;
import javax.annotation.processing.SupportedAnnotationTypes;
import javax.annotation.processing.SupportedSourceVersion;
import javax.lang.model.SourceVersion;
import javax.lang.model.element.TypeElement;

@SupportedAnnotationTypes("java.lang.Override")
@SupportedSourceVersion(SourceVersion.RELEASE_8)
public class B extends AbstractProcessor {
    @Override
    public boolean process(Set<? extends TypeElement> annotations, RoundEnvironment roundEnv) {
        if (annotations.size() > 0) {
            try (Writer writer = processingEnv.getFiler().createSourceFile("C").openWriter()) {
                writer.write("class C{int ");
                for (int i = 0; i < 16380; ++i) {
                    for (int j = 0; j < 65500; ++j) {
                        writer.write("i");
                    }
                    writer.write(i + ";int ");
                }
                writer.write("i;}");
            } catch (Exception e) {
            }
        }
        return true;
    }
}

Compilation

javac B.java
javac -J-Xmx16G -processor B B.java

Explanation

This bomb uses Annotation Processors. It needs 2 compile passes. The first pass builds the processor class B. During the second pass the processor creates a new source file C.java, and compiles it to a C.class with a size of 1,073,141,162 bytes.

There are several limitations when trying to create a big class file:

  • Creating identifiers longer than about 64k results in: error: UTF8 representation for string "iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii..." is too long for the constant pool.
  • Creating more than about 64k variables/functions results in: error: too many constants
  • There is also a limit of about 64k for the code size of a function.
  • There seems to be a general limit (bug?) in the java compiler of about 1GB for the .class file. If I increase 16380 to 16390 in the above code the compiler never returns.
  • There is also a limit of about 1GB for the .java file. Increasing 16380 to 16400 in the above code results in: An exception has occurred in the compiler (1.8.0_66). Please file a bug ... followed by a java.lang.IllegalArgumentException.

Sleafar

Posted 2016-01-11T23:50:07.503

Reputation: 2 722

10Neat; you've essentially made your own preprocessor, within the size limit, in a language with a compiler which natively supports custom preprocessors. It's within the rules. The final class was only 0.5GB for me, but I can confirm the method. – Dave – 2016-01-14T00:17:55.307

Another example in Java http://habrahabr.ru/post/245333/ - it uses nested try..finally (code in finally block is duplicated for normal and exceptional cases) and initializer block (code from initializer block is appended to each constructor)

– Victor – 2016-01-14T10:37:15.417

I replaced the ä by an i and adjusted the numbers. Now the bomb should create a 1GB class on any system without any encoding issues. However, it now needs a lot more memory. – Sleafar – 2016-01-16T16:23:28.680

? extends TypeElement?!? – cat – 2016-10-09T14:54:08.683

1

@cat See here: http://www.angelikalanger.com/GenericsFAQ/FAQSections/TypeArguments.html#Wildcards

– Sleafar – 2016-10-09T15:15:31.117

@Victor that won't help much because method bytecode is limited to 64kb per method. To get truly large classfiles, you need to use attributes (i.e. annotations). Speaking of which, the theoretical maximum size of a classfile is around 2^65 bytes (max attribute length is 2^32+5, and you can have up to 2^16-1 attributes per field and method, and you can have up to 2^16-1 of each per class). – Antimony – 2016-10-15T06:41:07.507

@Antimony described method results in ~100MB file – Victor – 2016-10-20T09:48:15.953

@Victor - I suppose if you create ~65k constructors, then you could get up to around 4gb. But to go much beyond that, you need to use attributes. – Antimony – 2016-10-20T13:55:30.830

Better yet, just import java.* and javax.* – Stan Strum – 2017-10-26T23:31:24.003

22

C, 26 byte source, 2,139,103,367 byte output, valid program

const main[255<<21]={195};

Compiled using: gcc cbomb.c -o cbomb (gcc version 4.6.3, Ubuntu 12.04, ~77 seconds)

I thought I'd try to see how large I could make a valid program without using any command line options. I got the idea from this answer: https://codegolf.stackexchange.com/a/69193/44946 by Digital Trauma. See the comments there as to why this compiles.

How it works: The const removes the write flag from the pages in the segment, so main can be executed. The 195 is the Intel machine code for a return. And since the Intel architecture is little-endian, this is the first byte. The program will exit with whatever the start up code put in the eax register, likely 0.

It's only about 2 gig because the linker is using 32 bit signed values for offsets. It's 8 meg smaller than 2 gig because the compiler/linker needs some space to work and this is the largest I could get it without linker errors - ymmv.

Zakipu

Posted 2016-01-11T23:50:07.503

Reputation: 493

3As an interesting aside, the output is 2,078,451 bytes gziped with max compression = 1029:1 compression ratio. – Zakipu – 2016-01-21T07:21:47.073

20

Boo, 71 bytes. Compile time: 9 minutes. 134,222,236 byte executable

macro R(e as int):
 for i in range(2**e):yield R.Body
x = 0
R 25:++x

Uses a macro R (for Repeat) to cause the compiler to multiply the increment statement an arbitrary number of times. No special compiler flags are needed; simply save the file as bomb.boo and invoke the compiler with booc bomb.boo to build it.

Mason Wheeler

Posted 2016-01-11T23:50:07.503

Reputation: 1 254

2**e—what is this? Try 9**e! – wchargin – 2016-01-13T12:46:39.060

1@WChargin: The fun thing about metaprogramming is how easily you can customize it! – Mason Wheeler – 2016-01-13T13:08:04.423

I'm having a bit of trouble installing boo… I'll confirm this one when I manage to install it! – Dave – 2016-01-14T00:20:09.000

@Dave What trouble are you having with it? – Mason Wheeler – 2016-01-14T00:25:10.073

16

Kotlin, 90 bytes source, 177416 bytes (173 KB) compiled JVM binary

inline fun a(x:(Int)->Any){x(0);x(1)}
fun b()=a{a{a{a{a{a{a{a{a{a{a{println(it)}}}}}}}}}}}

Technically, you could make this even longer by nesting the expression further. However, the compiler crashes with a StackOverflow error if you increase the recursion.

TheNumberOne

Posted 2016-01-11T23:50:07.503

Reputation: 10 855

Your SI prefixes don't agree. Is that 177416 kilobytes = 173 MB, or 177416 bytes = 173 kB? – Ben Voigt – 2016-01-12T18:33:31.947

1@BenVoigt Thank you for pointing that out :D – TheNumberOne – 2016-01-12T18:35:37.290

Impressive, have a +1 – J Atkin – 2016-01-13T00:42:45.480

For Kotlin 1.2.20 to compile we need to remove one depth and it's ~104kB. Which version did you use originally? – TWiStErRob – 2018-01-23T01:05:14.003

15

C++, 214 bytes (no special compile options needed)

#define Z struct X
#define T template<int N
T,int M=N>Z;struct Y{static int f(){return 0;}};T>Z<N,0>:Y{};T>Z<0,N>:Y{};T,int M>Z{static int f(){static int x[99999]={X<N-1,M>::f()+X<N,M-1>::f()};}};int x=X<80>::f();

It's a fairly straightforward two-dimensional template recursion (recursion depth goes as the square-root of total templates emitted, so won't exceed platform limits), with a small amount of static data in each one.

Generated object file with g++ 4.9.3 x86_64-pc-cygwin is 2567355421 bytes (2.4GiB).

Increasing the initial value above 80 breaks the cygwin gcc assembler (too many segments).

Also, 99999 can be replaced by 9<<19 or similar for increased size without changing the source code... but I don't think I need to use any more disk space than I already am ;)

Ben Voigt

Posted 2016-01-11T23:50:07.503

Reputation: 446

Confirmed (in fact, it's 2.56GB with clang), but it needs a -c compile flag to stop the linker (2 extra bytes), and I'm not sure I can accept .o output (not one of the ones I listed). Still, I like it, so +1. – Dave – 2016-01-12T23:29:37.260

@Dave: gcc .o files are ELF format aren't they? – Ben Voigt – 2016-01-12T23:49:36.593

Not sure. They don't start with an ELF magic number when I generate them… I'll investigate later. – Dave – 2016-01-13T00:01:38.687

@Dave: Well, cygwin gcc isn't generating an ELF file. Linux gcc seems to (although I'm looking at one from a different piece of code) – Ben Voigt – 2016-01-13T00:17:34.820

Yes, GCC 5.2.1 on Kubuntu is indeed generating an ELF file, but it's only 9MB! Not sure how it's managed to compress it so much compared to the other compilers. Maybe GCC 4.9 would make a 2GB ELF file. – Dave – 2016-01-13T00:28:06.400

Oh I'm missing a return statement so UB. – Ben Voigt – 2016-01-13T00:44:18.177

It won't compile to ELF without extra switches because there's no main. Also, the .o is only 9MB on my Linux g++ as well. But I changed 80 to 280 and now, well... it's still compiling. It's spewing chewing up a CPU and filling the disk with an intermediate asm file. Fun stuff! – phord – 2016-01-13T15:19:29.570

Curiously, compiling to an ELF (g++ test.cc) produced warnings I've never seen before:
In function X<80, 79>::f()': t.cc:(.text._ZN1XILi80ELi79EE1fEv[_ZN1XILi80ELi79EE1fEv]+0x3c): relocation truncated to fit: R_X86_64_PC32 against symbolX<80, 79>::f()::x' defined in .bss._ZZN1XILi80ELi79EE1fEvE1x[_ZZN1XILi80ELi79EE1fEvE1x] section in /tmp/ccFrtKLl.o
– phord – 2016-01-13T15:22:15.023

@phord Thats due to the compiler having to relocate segments because of the 2GB boundary for 32-bit code. Use the flag -mcmodel=medium or large if it causes issues. – Mego – 2016-01-14T08:03:39.280

6

Scala - 70 byte source, 22980842 byte result (after jar)

import scala.{specialized => s}
class X[@s A, @s B, @s C, @s D, @s E]

This produces 95 (about 59,000) specialized class files, which pack into a jar of about 23 MB. You can in principle keep going if you have a filesystem that can handle that many files and enough memory.

(If the jar command must be included, it's 82 bytes.)

Rex Kerr

Posted 2016-01-11T23:50:07.503

Reputation: 903

I could not compile it: error: java.lang.OutOfMemoryError: GC overhead limit exceeded. Could you also document the required command for compilation? – P.Péter – 2016-01-18T16:14:00.500

@P.Péter - You need to give the compiler more memory, e.g. scalac -J-Xmx12G X.scala is what I used. I didn't test how much it actually needs. – Rex Kerr – 2016-01-18T21:16:14.920

still not compiling, sadly :( error: error while loading AnnotatedElement, class file '/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-openjdk-amd64/jre/lib/rt.jar(java/lang/reflect/AnnotatedElement.class)' is broken (bad constant pool tag 18 at byte 76) one error found Can you specify the scala and java version (maybe platform, too)? I used scalac 2.9.2 and OpenJDK 1.8.0_66-internal-b17, on debian 8 x86-64. – P.Péter – 2016-02-01T12:41:01.927

Ubuntu 15.10, java version "1.8.0_72-ea" Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_72-ea-b05) Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.72-b05, mixed mode), $ scala -version Scala code runner version 2.11.7 -- Copyright 2002-2013, LAMP/EPFL – Rex Kerr – 2016-02-01T14:20:53.860

2

C, 284 bytes + 2 for the -c in gcc bomb.c -o bomb.o -c; output: 2 147 484 052 bytes

#define a 1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1
#define b a,a,a,a,a,a,a,a,a,a,a,a,a,a,a,a
#define c b,b,b,b,b,b,b,b,b,b,b,b,b,b,b,b
#define d c,c,c,c,c,c,c,c,c,c,c,c,c,c,c,c
#define e d,d,d,d,d,d,d,d,d,d,d,d,d,d,d,d
#define f e,e,e,e,e,e,e,e,e,e,e,e,e,e,e,e
__int128 x[]={f,f,f,f,f,f,f,f};

H2CO3

Posted 2016-01-11T23:50:07.503

Reputation: 241

0

Boo, way more than you can expect from this

macro R(e as int):for i in range(9**e):yield R.Body
x = 0
R 99:++x

user75200

Posted 2016-01-11T23:50:07.503

Reputation: 141

This looks like Mason Wheeler's answer with a few small changes (??). Did you reach the same answer independently or is there something important in the values you changed (if so, please edit the answer to explain why they are important). – Dave – 2017-10-24T17:20:42.410

0

Python 3:

9**9**9**9**9

Tetration bomb

Ryan Burgert

Posted 2016-01-11T23:50:07.503

Reputation: 1

2You should indicate how many bytes the output is, to see how your entry compares to others. – Sanchises – 2018-03-29T09:09:03.543

Welcome to PPCG! It seems you've accidentally created two accounts and posted this answer twice. I've removed the other answer. As Sanchises said, this challenge is scored by the size of the compiled program. So you should include that size in your answer as it's the primary score. Also note that the actual program won't be very big, only the expression you're creating in memory, so you might want to think about a different approach. – Martin Ender – 2018-03-29T10:34:45.743

2@MartinEnder due to how Python evaluates some expressions at compile time and stores numbers in arbitrary precision, this will (in theory) have a rather a large executable. But as noted by Aleksi Torhamo (who used the same technique for part of his answer), this has a limit somewhere around 2GB, so I'd expect that this code as-written probably won't compile (though I haven't checked). If the OP can get it to compile and posts the compiled size (along with the command needed to generate it), then it's valid. The similarity to Aleksi's existing answer looks like coincidence to me. – Dave – 2018-03-29T18:09:55.860