Map a random number to pi

Question

A double precision representation of a decimal can only guarantee an accuracy of 15 decimal places, thus pi is approximated as:

3.141592653589793

You can see that the digit 3 is in positions 1, 10, 16, the digit 1 is in positions 2, 4 etc.

Challenge

Your task is to create a program or function that creates a random double number between 0 and 1, and maps the values of that number onto the value of pi. You do this by placing the different digits in the random numbers in the position that digit has in pi. If the digit is not found in pi, you'll skip it, and every digit in pi that's not in the random number will be represented by an x. Each value can only be used once, starting from the left.

A few examples will probably make this more clear. In the following examples, the first number is pi, the second is the random number, and the last is the desired output.

3.141592653589793
0.111111111111111
x.1x1xxxxxxxxxxxx

3.141592653589793
0.531000000000000
3.1xx5xxxxxxxxxxx

3.141592653589793
0.123456789123456
3.141592653x8x7xx

3.141592653589793
0.967552381459391
3.14159265358979x

Rules:

• The function should not take any input (a possible exception is explained in bullet point 3)
• The output shall consist of only the output string, with an optional newline (a single trailing space is also accepted)
• If your program doesn't have a built-in Pi-value, and/or a RNG then you can hardcode Pi, and take the random number as input. You cannot hardcode the random number or take Pi as input.
• Both the hardcoded value for Pi, and the 15 random digits (you can skip 0. since you know it will be between 0 and 1), will be included in the byte count.
• If your language doesn't have the required precision, you can use less precision under the following restrictions
  • The digits of Pi must be accurate up to the precision you have
  • You can't output more values than you're guaranteed to have correct, i.e. you can't output 15 digits if the precision only allows 8 accurate decimals.
  • The hardcoded value of Pi will count as 16 bytes (you don't need the decimal point), even if your program only supports 8 digits.
  • The input value for the random number will count as 15 bytes (you don't need 0.. This is because languages with low precision should not have an unfair advantage.
  • The program must support 5 decimals precision (at least).
  • Edit: To validate the answer: The random number should be printed somehow, but this operation doesn't have to be included in the byte count. So for instance, if it's possible to insert a print r in the end of the script, that part will not increase the score.
  • You cannot subtract the bytes if it's part of another necessary operation. I.e. if the code is print pi, r, then you can only subtract , r.
  • If you have to insert parts several places in the code, please include both versions (the one that prints the random number and the one that doesn't with a comment such as: _p and _oNo are needed to print the random number. _p does xxx and _oNo does yyy. _p and _oNo will not be included in the byte count.

Shortest code in bytes win.

---

Leaderboard

The Stack Snippet at the bottom of this post generates the catalog from the answers a) as a list of shortest solution per language and b) as an overall leaderboard.

To make sure that your answer shows up, please start your answer with a headline, using the following Markdown template:

## Language Name, N bytes

where N is the size of your submission. If you improve your score, you can keep old scores in the headline, by striking them through. For instance:

## Ruby, <s>104</s> <s>101</s> 96 bytes

If there you want to include multiple numbers in your header (e.g. because your score is the sum of two files or you want to list interpreter flag penalties separately), make sure that the actual score is the last number in the header:

## Perl, 43 + 2 (-p flag) = 45 bytes

You can also make the language name a link which will then show up in the snippet:

## [><>](http://esolangs.org/wiki/Fish), 121 bytes

var QUESTION_ID=67223,OVERRIDE_USER=44713;function answersUrl(e){return"https://api.stackexchange.com/2.2/questions/"+QUESTION_ID+"/answers?page="+e+"&pagesize=100&order=desc&sort=creation&site=codegolf&filter="+ANSWER_FILTER}function commentUrl(e,s){return"https://api.stackexchange.com/2.2/answers/"+s.join(";")+"/comments?page="+e+"&pagesize=100&order=desc&sort=creation&site=codegolf&filter="+COMMENT_FILTER}function getAnswers(){jQuery.ajax({url:answersUrl(answer_page++),method:"get",dataType:"jsonp",crossDomain:!0,success:function(e){answers.push.apply(answers,e.items),answers_hash=[],answer_ids=[],e.items.forEach(function(e){e.comments=[];var s=+e.share_link.match(/\d+/);answer_ids.push(s),answers_hash[s]=e}),e.has_more||(more_answers=!1),comment_page=1,getComments()}})}function getComments(){jQuery.ajax({url:commentUrl(comment_page++,answer_ids),method:"get",dataType:"jsonp",crossDomain:!0,success:function(e){e.items.forEach(function(e){e.owner.user_id===OVERRIDE_USER&&answers_hash[e.post_id].comments.push(e)}),e.has_more?getComments():more_answers?getAnswers():process()}})}function getAuthorName(e){return e.owner.display_name}function process(){var e=[];answers.forEach(function(s){var r=s.body;s.comments.forEach(function(e){OVERRIDE_REG.test(e.body)&&(r="<h1>"+e.body.replace(OVERRIDE_REG,"")+"</h1>")});var a=r.match(SCORE_REG);a&&e.push({user:getAuthorName(s),size:+a[2],language:a[1],link:s.share_link})}),e.sort(function(e,s){var r=e.size,a=s.size;return r-a});var s={},r=1,a=null,n=1;e.forEach(function(e){e.size!=a&&(n=r),a=e.size,++r;var t=jQuery("#answer-template").html();t=t.replace("{{PLACE}}",n+".").replace("{{NAME}}",e.user).replace("{{LANGUAGE}}",e.language).replace("{{SIZE}}",e.size).replace("{{LINK}}",e.link),t=jQuery(t),jQuery("#answers").append(t);var o=e.language;/<a/.test(o)&&(o=jQuery(o).text()),s[o]=s[o]||{lang:e.language,user:e.user,size:e.size,link:e.link}});var t=[];for(var o in s)s.hasOwnProperty(o)&&t.push(s[o]);t.sort(function(e,s){return e.lang>s.lang?1:e.lang<s.lang?-1:0});for(var c=0;c<t.length;++c){var i=jQuery("#language-template").html(),o=t[c];i=i.replace("{{LANGUAGE}}",o.lang).replace("{{NAME}}",o.user).replace("{{SIZE}}",o.size).replace("{{LINK}}",o.link),i=jQuery(i),jQuery("#languages").append(i)}}var ANSWER_FILTER="!t)IWYnsLAZle2tQ3KqrVveCRJfxcRLe",COMMENT_FILTER="!)Q2B_A2kjfAiU78X(md6BoYk",answers=[],answers_hash,answer_ids,answer_page=1,more_answers=!0,comment_page;getAnswers();var SCORE_REG=/<h\d>\s*([^\n,]*[^\s,]),.*?(\d+)(?=[^\n\d<>]*(?:<(?:s>[^\n<>]*<\/s>|[^\n<>]+>)[^\n\d<>]*)*<\/h\d>)/,OVERRIDE_REG=/^Override\s*header:\s*/i;

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Answer 1

Pyth, 25 bytes

 u&p?}HGH\x.-GH`.n0<`O017

Try it online: Demonstration or Test showing the random number

Explanation:

 u&p?}HGH\x.-GH`.n0<`O017  
                .n0         the constant pi
               `            convert it into a string
                     O0     random number in the range [0.0, 1.0)
                    `       convert to string
                   <   17   only use the first 17 chars (zero, point and 15 digits)
 u                          for each char H in the pi-string:
    ?}HGH\x                    if H in G (the random number string) then H else "x"
   p                           print this char without newline
  &                            and
           .-GH                remove the digit H once from G
<space>                     suppress the output (u returns the unused digits in G)

Answer 2

LabVIEW, 53 LabVIEW Primitives

I match Strings and put the number into an "empty" x.xxx string and remove the number from pi so it doesn´t show up again.

the random number and the single chars here are kinda visible, is that all right or do i have to redo the recording?

Answer 3

Mathematica, 105 or 147 characters

If random number "between 0 and 1" means 0 <= random <= 1, i.e. includes 0 & 1.

StringReplace[ToString@InputForm@N@Pi,
Thread[ToString/@Complement[Range@9,RandomInteger[{0,9},15]]->"x"]]

(105 characters)

Otherwise, taking random number "between 0 and 1" to mean 0 < random < 1.

Loop to get 15 random integers, not all zero. Select complement from 0 to 9 range, i.e. those numbers from 0 to 9 not in the random list. Convert those integers to strings and replace the matching characters in a pi string.

(147 characters)

While[True,r=RandomInteger[{0,9},15];
If[Union@r!={0},Break[]]];
StringReplace[ToString@InputForm@N@Pi,
Thread[ToString/@Complement[Range@9,r]->"x"]]

3.1x15x265358x7x3

Random digits:-

FromDigits[r]

820307536180783

Answer 4

JavaScript (ES6), 89 87 bytes

_=>(r=[...Math.random()+""],Math.PI+"").replace(/./g,d=>(r[i=r.indexOf(d)]=_,~i?d:"x"))

Explanation

Edit: Random string is now not truncated as clarified by the poster.

Loops through each digit of pi and removes the digit from the random number if it was found, else replaces the digit in pi with x.

_=>(
    r=[...Math.random()+""],      // r = array of 15 digit random number chars
    Math.PI+"").replace(/./g,d=>( // for each digit d of pi, includes "." which is always
                                  //     in the random number
      r[i=r.indexOf(d)]=_,        // i = position of d within r, remove digit from r
                                  // "_" is the unused function argument (equals undefined)
      ~i?d:"x"                    // if found, leave the digit, else replace with x
    ))

Test

Test outputs the random number also.

var solution = _=>(r=[...n=Math.random()+""],Math.PI+"").replace(/./g,d=>(r[i=r.indexOf(d)]=_,~i?d:"x"))

<button onclick="result.textContent='Result: '+solution()+'\nNumber: '+n">Go</button>
<pre id="result"></pre>

Answer 5

CJam, 48 46 42 38 36 bytes

P`'xf+1dmr`{1$f#:!1a/0=:)W+H<.%}/1f=

Test it here.

And here is the version which prints both π and the random number:

P_p`'xf+1dmr`_oNo{1$f#:!1a/0=:)W+H<.%}/1f=

Test it here.

I do not truncate the random number to 15 decimal places, as clarified by the OP in a comment.

Explanation

The idea is to turn each character in the string representation of π into a pair of that character and x. For each character in the random number, we swap the first pair which starts with that character. At the end we output the second character of each pair.

P`      e# Get string representation of π.
'xf+    e# Append "x" to each character.
1dmr`   e# Get string representation of random number in [0,1).
{       e# For each character in that string...
  1$    e#   Copy the list of pairs.
  f#    e#   For each pair, find the index of the current character. If the character is
        e#   not in the pair, we get -1 (truthy). If it is the first character of the pair,
        e#   we get 0 (falsy). If it is the second character, we get 1 (truthy).
  :!    e#   Logical NOT for each of the results. We get a 1 for every pair we could
        e#   potentially swap.
  1a/   e#   Split around those 1s.
  0=    e#   Keep only the first chunk.
  :)    e#   Turn all the 0s into that chunk into 1s.
  W+    e#   Append a -1.
  H<    e#   Truncate to 17 elements (the number of pairs).
  .%    e#   Apply % pairwise. This reverses the element at the position of the -1.
}/
1f=     e# Select the second character from each pair.

Answer 6

Lua, 231 230 bytes

m,s=math,""p,r=m.pi..s,s..m.random()p=p:sub(1,#p-1)p:gsub(".",function(c)s=s..(47>c:byte()and c or"x")end)r:gsub("[^%.]",function(c)l=p:find(c)if l then p,s=p:sub(1,l-1).."x"..p:sub(l+1),s:sub(1,l-1)..c..s:sub(l+1)end end)print(s)

Explanations

function f()
  m,s=math,""
  p,r=m.pi..s,s..m.random()
  p=p:sub(1,#p-1)                       -- remove the last digit of math.pi

  p:gsub(".",function(c)
    s=s..(47>c:byte()and c or"x")      -- Construct a string full of "x" with a single dot
  end)

  r:gsub("[^%.]",function(c)            -- Iterate over each character but the dot in the random number
    l=p:find(c)                         -- if c isn't in pi, l=nil 
    if l                                -- which is one of the two falsy value in lua
    then
      p,s=p:sub(1,l-1).."x"..p:sub(l+1),-- If c is in pi, we replace it in p by an x
          s:sub(1,l-1)..c..s:sub(l+1)   -- and in s by its value
    end
  end)
  return s
end

Sadly, lua doesn't help me at all here. math.pi round the last digit of pi it return :

print(math.pi)
>> 3.1415926535898

I have to truncate this number :

stringPI=""..math.pi
print(stringPI:sub(1,#stringPI-1))
>> 3.141592653589

The second big default to do this challenge was lua lack of string.replace(). As I'm doing this action twice using s:sub(1,l-1)..c..s:sub(l+1), I wanted to do an anonymous function, thinking it would be shorter. It isn't, so I kept it written twice.

The reason I have to be careful about the dot, is how lua return its position. In regexes, a dot mean "any character", so when i'm evaluating the character . in my loop it matches the first character :

c="."  -- The value of the dot in the loop
found = stringPI:find(c)
print(stringPI)
print("location of \".\": "..found)
print("char at "..found..": "..stringPI:sub(found,found))

>> 3.141592653589
>> location of ".": 1   --Keep in mind that lua arrays are 1-based :)
>> char at 1: 3 

You can test lua online. As I am not seeding the PRNG, here's a code allowing you to run several test while still watching values.

function f()m,s=math,""p,r=m.pi..s,s..m.random()print("Random number: "..r)p=p:sub(1,#p-1)p:gsub(".",function(c)s=s..(c:byte()<47 and c or"x")end)r:gsub("[^%.]",function(c)l=p:find(c)if l then p,s=p:sub(1,l-1).."x"..p:sub(l+1),s:sub(1,l-1)..c..s:sub(l+1)end end)return s end

for i=1,10
do
    print(f())
end

Answer 7

Python 2.7, 117 110 bytes

import math,random
n=list(`random.random()`)
print''.join(n.pop(n.index(d))if d in n else'x'for d in`math.pi`)

Tested on the latest QPython Android app, but should work anywhere.

Edit 1: changed str(pi) to backticks.

For testing:

import math,random
n=list(`random.random()`)
print `math.pi`
print ''.join(n)
print''.join(n.pop(n.index(d))if d in n else'x'for d in`math.pi`)

Answer 8

Python, 147 bytes

import math as m,random as r
L=lambda t:[_ for _ in str(t)]
p=L(m.pi)
R=L(r.random())
A=""
print R #subtracted from byte count
for n in p:
    try:R.remove(n);A+=n
    except:A+='x'
print A

Fairly self-explanatory: lambda function converts float to list; we then loop through the pi-list attempting to remove each digit from the random-list. If we can, good, append it to the answer; if not, append an 'x' instead.

Answer 9

Perl, 70 bytes

$_=4*atan2(1,1);s/\d/x$&/g;for$i(rand=~/\d/g){s/x$i/$i/}s/x./x/g;print

With comments:

$_=4*atan2(1,1);        # Perl doesn't have a Pi constant
s/\d/x$&/g;             # prepend a x to all digits in Pi
for $i (rand=~/\d/g)    # iterate the digits in the random number
{ s/x$i/$i/ }           # replace first occurrence of x-nr pair 
s/x./x/g;               # strip all remaining numbers
print                   # print!

---

This version will print pi, the random number, and the result:

$_=$p=4*atan2(1,1);
s/\d/x$&/g;
$r=rand;
for $i ($r=~/\d/g)
{ s/x$i/$i/ }
s/x./x/g;
print "$p\n$r\n$_\n"

Example output:

3.14159265358979
0.877757977767946
x.x4x59x6xxx897x

I hope this is okay:

• pi contains 15 digits total, including the 3, so it doesn't exceed accuracy.
• the last digit (9) is accurate.