Counting +1 primes

Question

Define that the natural number p is a +1 prime of the natural number n if p is a prime number and the standard binary representation (i.e., without leading zeroes) of p can be obtained by adding (i.e., prepending, appending or inserting) a single 1 to the standard binary representation of n.

For example, the binary representation of 17 is 10001₂. The distinct natural numbers that can be formed by adding a 1 to 10001₂ are 110001₂ or 49, 101001₂ or 41, 100101₂ or 37, and 100011₂ or 35.

Among these, 41 and 37 are prime numbers, so 17 has two +1 primes.

Task

Write a program or function that accepts a strictly positive integer n as input and prints or returns the number of distinct +1 primes of n.

Input and output must either be an integer, or its decimal or unary string representation.

Standard code-golf rules apply.

Test cases

Input:  4
Output: 0

Input:  1
Output: 1

Input:  17
Output: 2

Input:  33
Output: 3

Input:  553
Output: 4

Input:  3273
Output: 5

Input:  4145
Output: 6

Input:  4109
Output: 7

Input:  196869
Output: 8

Answer 1

Pyth, 20 bytes

s/LPd{mij\1c.BQ]d2hQ

Test Suite

s/LPd{mij\1c.BQ]d2hQ
                        Q = eval(input())
      m           hQ    For insertion position in [0 ... Q]
            .BQ         Convert Q to binary string
           c   ]d       Chop at insertion position
        j\1             Join on '1'
       i         2      Convert to integer
     {                  Deduplicate
 /LPd                   Map each number to the number of times it occurs in its
                        prime factorization, e.g. whether or not it is prime.
s                       Sum and print.

Answer 2

JavaScript ES6, 141 bytes 143 147 160

Saves 13 bytes, thanks to @Naouak

n=>[...t=n.toString(2)].map((l,i)=>t.slice(0,v=i+1)+1+t.slice(v)).filter((l,i,a)=>a.indexOf(l)==i&&(p=(n,c)=>n%c&&c>n-2||p(n,++c))('0b'+l,2))

Similar method to my TeaScript answer, uses RegExp (you heard me right) to check for primes.

Ungolfed

n=>
   [...t = n.toString(2)]                  // To binary
   .map((l,i)=>                            // Make cycles
               t.slice(0, v = i+1)
               + 1
               + t.slice(v)
   ).filter((l,i,a)=>  
                     a.indexOf(l) == i &&  // Remove Duplicates
                     (p=(n,c)=>            // Prime checking
                               n % c &&
                                 c > n - 2 ||
                                 p(n,++c)
                     )('0b'+l,2)
   ).length

Answer 3

TeaScript, 22 bytes

x÷¿®x÷E(i¬,1)¤©d¡F(¥)n

TeaScript is starting to look like APL... The special characters are converted to longer, commonly repeated sequences

Online interpreter be sure to check "Inputs are numbers."

Explanation && Ungolfed

xT(2)s``m(#P(xT(2)E(i+1,1),2))d()F($P)n

xT(2)      // Take input, convert to binary
s``m(#     // Loop over input

  P(         // Convert to decimal...
     xT(2)     // Input to binary
     E(i+1,1)  // Inset 1 into (above) at current index in loop
  ,2)    

)d()       // Remove duplicates
F($P)      // Filter items that aren't prime
n          // Grab length.

Answer 4

Minkolang 0.11, 54 52 bytes

n1(2*d0c`,)(0c1c$%$r2*1c*1c++1g2:d1G)rxSI1-[0g2M+]N.

Explanation

n             Get integer from input (let's call it n)
1(       )    Get the smallest power of 2 (say, k) greater than input (starting with 1)
  2*d         Multiply by 2 and duplicate
     0c`,     Copy n and see if it's greater (while loop breaks on 0)

(0c1c$%                       Copy n, copy k, and divmod (pushes n//k, n%k)
       $r                     Swap top two elements
         2*                   Multiply by 2
           1c*                Copy k and multiply
              1c+             Copy k and add
                 +            Add
                  1g2:        Get k and divide by 2
                      d1G)    Duplicate and put one copy back in its former place

rx            Reverse and dump (dumps n and top of stack is now 0)
S             Remove duplicates
I1-[     ]    Check each element for primality
    0g        Get potential prime from bottom of stack
      2M      1 if prime, 0 otherwise
        +     Add (this is why I didn't dump the left-over 0 earlier)
N.            Output as integer and stop.

Answer 5

Julia, 55 52 bytes

n->sum(isprime,∪(2n+(k=2.^(0:endof(bin(n))))-n%k))

k=2.^(0:endof(bin(n))) generates an array containing the powers of 2 from 1 to the highest power less than n. 2n+k-n%k then uses array operations to determine all of the possible "+1 numbers". ∪ (equivalent to union, which does the same thing as unique in this situation) removes the repeat values. Then sum(isprime,) counts the number of primes on the list.

Answer 6

CJam, 26 bytes

Not a winner, but it beats the existing CJam answers quite solidly and it's the first time I got to use the 0.6.5 command e\.

1ri2b+_,{_)e\_}%_&{2bmp},,

Test it here.

Explanation

1       e# Push a 1 (this is the 1 we'll be inserting everywhere).
ri      e# Read input and convert to integer.
2b      e# Convert to base 2.
+       e# Prepend the 1.
_,      e# Duplicate and get the number of bits N.
{       e# Map this block over i from 0 to N-1...
  _)    e#   Create a copy and increment to i+1.
  e\    e#   Swap the bits at positions i and i+1, moving the 1 one step through the array.
  _     e#   Duplicate so we keep this version on the stack.
}%
_&      e# Remove duplicates via set intersection with itself.
{       e# Filter the remaining digit lists based on this block...
  2b    e#   Convert bits back to an integer.
  mp    e#   Test for primality.
},
,       e# Get the length of the remaining list.

One thing worth noting is that we swap the bits at 0 and 1 before making the first copy, so we lose the original array with the 1 prepended to the front. However, the input is always positive, so the leading digit will always be one. That means after prepending another one, the digit list will always start with [1 1 ...] so the first swap will be a no-op in any case.

Answer 7

Julia, 110 108 104 87 bytes

n->sum(i->isprime(parse(Int,i,2)),(b=bin(n);∪([b[[1:i;1;i+1:end]]for i=1:endof(b)])))

This creates an unnamed function that accepts and integer and returns an integer. To call it, give it a name, e.g. f=n->....

Ungolfed:

function f(n::Integer)
    # Get the binary representation of n as a string
    b = bin(n)

    # Construct an array consisting of binary strings with
    # a one prepended, appended, and each insertion
    x = [b[[1:i; 1; i+1:end]] for i = 1:endof(b)]

    # Count the number of primes
    c = sum(i -> isprime(parse(Int, i, 2)), unique(x))

    return c
end

Saved 17 bytes thanks to Glen O!

Answer 8

Mathematica, 87 bytes

Union[#~FromDigits~2&/@StringReplaceList[#~IntegerString~2,a_:>a<>"1"]]~Count~_?PrimeQ&

Answer 9

Japt -x, 14 11 bytes

ƤiX1Ãâ ®Íj

Try it or run all test cases

ƤiX1Ãâ ®Íj     :Implicit input of integer U
Æ               :Map each X in the range [0,U)
 ¤              :  Convert U to binary string
  iX1           :  Insert "1" at 0-based index X
     Ã          :End map
      â         :Deduplicate
        ®       :Map
         Í      :  Convert to decimal
          j     :  Is prime?
                :Implicit output of array sum

Answer 10

CJam, 58 bytes

L{:TQ\=A+Q\+TWe\-2<s:~2b}q~2b0+:Q,(%{:BLe=!{B+:L}&}%~:mp:+

This took me a day, and this was my 4th iteration.

Answer 11

Brachylog, 17 bytes

{ḃ~c₂{,1}ʰc~ḃṗ}ᶜ¹

Try it online!

Input through the input variable and output through the output variable.

{             }ᶜ¹    Count every unique
             ṗ       prime number
           ~ḃ        the binary representation of which is
 ḃ                   the binary representation of the input
  ~c₂                partitioned into two (possibly empty) lists
     {  }ʰ           with the first list
      ,1             having a 1 appended
          c          and the two lists then being concatenated back into one.

Answer 12

Jelly, 13 bytes

BLṬkj1ʋ€$QḄẒS

Try it online!

Answer 13

PHP, 145 bytes

I've added a newline for readability:

function($n){for($b=base_convert;++$i<=strlen($s=$b($n,10,2));$r+=!$s[$i]&$k<=$j)
for($j=1;($k=$b(substr_replace($s,1,$i,0),2,10))%++$j;);echo$r;}

Answer 14

CJam, 34 bytes

li2b_,),\f{_2$<@@>1\++}_&2fb{mp},,

Try it online

First version, will update if I come up with something better.

Answer 15

APL, 55

{+/{2=+/0=⍵|⍨⍳⍵}¨∪⍵{2⊥(⍵↑X),1,⍵↓X←⍺⊤⍨N⍴2}¨-1-⍳N←1+⌊2⍟⍵}

2 bytes shorter Dyalog-specific version:

{+/2=+/¨0=|⍨∘⍳⍨¨∪⍵{2⊥⍵(↑,(1∘,↓))⍺⊤⍨N⍴2}¨-1-⍳N←1+⌊2⍟⍵}

Answer 16

Matlab (120)

n=input('');a=dec2bin(n);g=arrayfun(@(x)bin2dec(cat(2,a(1:x),49,a(x+1:end))),1:log2(n));nnz(unique(g(find(isprime(g)))))

---

• More golfing in progress ...

Answer 17

Python 2, 103 bytes

lambda n:sum(all(i%j for j in range(2,i))for i in{n%2**i+((n>>i)*2+1<<i)for i in range(len(bin(n))-2)})

Try it online!