What is the Probability that a Knight Stays on Chessboard?

Question

Given the size of the chess board and initial position of the knight, calculate the probability that after k moves the knight will be inside the chess board.

Note:

• The knight makes its all 8 possible moves with equal probability.

• Once the knight is outside the chess board it cannot come back inside.

Input

Inputs are comma separated in the form:

l,k,x,y

where l is the length and width of the chess board, k is the number of moves the knight will make, x is the x-position of the initial position of the knight, and y is the y-position of the initial position of the knight. Note that 0,0 is the bottom-left corner of the board and l-1,l-1 is the top-right corner of the board.

Algorithm:

Start with the initial coordinates of the knight. Make all possible moves for this position and multiply these moves with their probability, for each move recursively call the function continue this process till the terminating condition is met. Terminating condition is if the knight is outside the chess board, in this case return 0, or the desired number of moves is exhausted, in this case return 1.

As we can see that the current state of the recursion is dependent only on the current coordinates and number of steps done so far. Therefore we can memorize this information in a tabular form.

Credit

This challenge is originally from a blog post of crazyforcode.com published under the CC BY-NC-ND 2.5 IN licence. It was slightly modified to make it a bit more challenging.

Answer 1

Pyth, 38 bytes

M?smcgtGd8fq5sm^-Fk2C,TH^UhQ2G1g@Q1>Q2

Try it online: Demonstration

Explanation:

                                        implicit: Q = evaluated input
M                                       define a function g(G,H): //G=depth, H=current cell
                         UhQ              the list [0,1,...,Q[0]-1]
                        ^   2             Cartesian product, gives all cells
          f                               filter for numbers numbers T, which satisfy:
                    C,TH                    zip(T,H)
              m                             map the two pairs k to:
                -Fk                           their difference
               ^   2                          squared
             s                              sum (distance squared)
           q5                               == 5           
   m                                      map each valid cell d to:
     gtHd                                   g(G-1,d)
    c    8                                  divided by 8
  s                                       return sum
 ?                           G          if G > 0 else
                              1           return 1

                               g@Q1>Q2  call g(Q[1],Q[2:]) and print

Answer 2

Ruby 134

->l,m,x,y{!((r=0...l)===x&&r===y)?0:m<1?1:(0..7).map{|i|a,b=[1,2].rotate i[2]
P[l,m-1,x+a*(i[0]*2-1),y+b*(i[1]*2-1)]/8.0}.inject(:+)}

Try it online: http://ideone.com/ZIjOmP

The equivalent non-golfed code:

def probability_to_stay_on_board(board_size, move_count, x, y)
  range = 0...board_size
  return 0 unless range===x && range===y
  return 1 if move_count < 1

  possible_new_locations = (0..7).map do |i|
    dx, dy = [1,2].rotate i[2]
    dx *= i[0]*2-1
    dy *= i[1]*2-1

    [x+dx, y+dy]
  end

  possible_new_locations.map do |new_x, new_y| 
    probability_to_stay_on_board(board_size, move_count-1, new_x, new_y) / 8.0 
  end.inject :+
end

Answer 3

Matlab, 124 119

Exactly implements the described algorithm.

I was able to shorten it by 5 bytes with some help of @sanchises, thanks!

function s=c(l,k,x,y);m=zeros(5);m([2,4,10,20])=1/8;s(l,l)=0;s(l-y,x+1)=1;for i=1:k;s=conv2(s,m+m','s');end;s=sum(s(:))

Expanded:

function s=c(l,k,x,y);
    m=zeros(5);
    m([2,4,10,20])=1/8;
    s(l,l)=0;s(l-y,x+1)=1;
    for i=1:k;
        s=conv2(s,m+m','s');
    end;
    s=sum(s(:))

Old version

function s=c(l,k,x,y);
    m =zeros(5);m([1:3,5,8,10:12]*2)=1/8;
    s=zeros(l);
    s(l-y,x+1)=1;
    for i=1:k
        s=conv2(s,m,'s');
    end
    s=sum(s(:));

Answer 4

Haskell - 235

Implements a function f with parameters l k x y

import Data.List
g[]=[]
g((a,b):r)=[(a+c,b+d)|(c,d)<-zip[-2,-1,1,2,-2,-1,1,2][1,2,-2,-1,-1,-2,2,1]]++g r
h _ 0 a=a
h l a b=h l(a-1)$filter(\(a,b)->(elem a[0..l])&&(elem b[0..l]))$g b
f l k x y=(sum$map(\x->1.0) (h l k [(x,y)]))/(8**k)

Answer 5

Mathematica - 137

q = # {1, 2} & /@ Tuples[{-1, 1}, 2]
q = Reverse /@ q~Union~q
g[l_, k_, x_, y_] :=

 Which[
  k < 1,
  1,

  !0 <= x < l || ! 0 <= y < l,
  0,

  0<1,
  Mean[g[l, k - 1, x + #[[1]], y + #[[2]]] & /@ q]
]

Usage:

g[5,5,1,2]

Output:

9/64

Answer 6

MATLAB - 106

function s=c(l,k,x,y);m(5,5)=0;m([2,4,10,20])=1/8;s=ones(l);for i=1:k;s=conv2(s,m+m','s');end;s=s(l-y,x+1)

Improves on @flawr's solution by being more MATLAB-y.

Expanded:

function s=c(l,k,x,y)
    m(5,5)=0;
    m([2,4,10,20])=1/8;
    s=ones(l);
    for i=1:k
        s=conv2(s,m+m','s');
    end
    s=s(l-y,x+1)

Answer 7

><> - 620 (not counting whitespace)

Initial stack should be l,k,x,y

{:a2*0p   v
vp0*3a*}:{<
>{1+&a3*0g}v                   >          >       >          >~~01-01-v             >          >       >          >~~01-01-v             >          >       >          >~~01-01-v             >          >       >          >~~01-01-v
           >&1-:&?!v>:@@:@@:0(?^:a2*0g1-)?^2-$:0(?^:a2*0g1-)?^1-      >}}$:@@:@@:0(?^:a2*0g1-)?^2-$:0(?^:a2*0g1-)?^1+      >}}$:@@:@@:0(?^:a2*0g1-)?^2+$:0(?^:a2*0g1-)?^1-      >}}$:@@:@@:0(?^:a2*0g1-)?^2+$:0(?^:a2*0g1-)?^1+      >}}$:@@:@v
v1         ^}       ^!?=g0*3a:~~}}<      +2v?)-1g0*2a:v?(0:$+1v?)-1g0*2a:v?(0:@@:@@:$}}<      -2v?)-1g0*2a:v?(0:$+1v?)-1g0*2a:v?(0:@@:@@:$}}<      +2v?)-1g0*2a:v?(0:$-1v?)-1g0*2a:v?(0:@@:@@:$}}<-2      v?)-1g0*2a:v?(0:$-1v?)-1g0*2a:v?(0:@<
>a3*0g=   ?^\      &              ^-10-10~~<          <       <          <             ^-10-10~~<          <       <          <             ^-10-10~~<          <       <          <             ^-10-10~~<          <       <          <
\         :{/      
v                  >~{~l2,&0
>@:0(?v:a2*0g1-)?v$:0(?v:a2*0g1-)?v1>@~~+l1=?v
      >          >     >          >0^        >&,n;

Test it out