Extendify the ASCII Sun

Question

Write a program that takes in (via STDIN/command line) a non-negative integer N.

When N is 0, your program should print O (that's capital Oh, not zero).

When N is 1, your program should print

\|/
-O-
/|\

When N is 2 your program should print

\ | /
 \|/
--O--
 /|\
/ | \

When N is 3 your program should print

\  |  /
 \ | /
  \|/
---O---
  /|\
 / | \
/  |  \

For larger N, this pattern continues on in the same exact fashion. Each of the eight rays of the "sun" should be made of N of the appropriate -, |, /, or \ characters.

Details

• Instead of a program, you may write a function that takes an integer. The function should print the sun design normally or return it as a string.

• You must either

  • have no trailing spaces at all, or
  • only have enough trailing spaces so the pattern is a perfect (2N+1)*(2N+1) rectangle.

• The output for any or all N may optionally have a trailing newline.

Scoring

The shortest code in bytes wins.

Answer 1

Pyth, 39 38 36 bytes

jbXmXXj\|m*\ Q2d\\_hd\/JhyQQX*\-JQ\O

Try it online: Pyth Compiler/Executor

Explanation

jbXmXXj\|m*\ Q2d\\_hd\/JhyQQX*\-JQ\O   implicit: Q = input
                       JhyQ            J = 1 + 2*Q
    m                  J               map each d of [0,1,...,2*Q] to:
          *\ Q                           " "*input
         m    2                          list with twice " "*input
      j\|                                join this list by "|"
     X         d\\                       replace the value at d to "\"
    X             _hd\/                  replace the value at -(d+1) to "/"
  X                        Q           replace line Q by:
                             *\-J        "-"*J
                            X    Q\O     replace element at Q with "O"
jb                                     join by "newlines"

Another 36 bytes solution would be:

jbmXXj\|m*?\-KqdQ\ Q2d\\_hd?\OK\/hyQ

Answer 2

C: 116 102 99 95 92 90

s(n){for(int c=-n,r=c;r<=n;c++)putchar(c>n?c=-c,r++,10:c?r?c-r?c+r?32:47:92:45:r?124:79);}

I think that I am getting fairly close to a minimal solution using this approach, but I can't stop feeling that there is a much better approach in C. Ungolfed:

void s(int n) {
  for(
    int c = -n, r = c;
    r <= n;
    c++
  )
    putchar(
      c > n
        ? c = -c, r++, '\n'
        : c
          ? r
            ? c - r
              ? c + r
                ? ' '
                : '/'
              : '\\'
            : '-'
          : r
            ? '|'
            : 'O'
    );
}

Answer 3

GNU sed, 252 + 1

Phew - I beat the php answer!

Score + 1 for using the -r parameter.

Because of sed limitations, we have to burn nearly 100 bytes just convert N to a string of N spaces. The rest is the fun stuff.

/^0/{y/0/O/;q}
s/./<&/g
s/9/8 /g
s/8/7 /g
s/7/6 /g
s/6/5 /g
s/5/4 /g
s/4/3 /g
s/3/2 /g
s/2/1 /g
s/1/ /g
s/0//g
:t
s/ </<          /g
tt
s/<//g
:
s/ //
s^.*^\\&|&/^;ta
:a
/\\$/q
p
s^\\\|/^-O-^;tn
s^(\\)? (/)?^\2 \1^g;ta
:n
y/ /-/
p
s^-O-^/|\\^
y/-/ /
ta

Explanation

• The first line is an early exit for the N=0 case.
• The next 15 lines (up to the :) convert N to a string of N spaces
• s/ // removes one space
• s^.*^\\&|&/^;ta converts N-1 spaces to: \ + N-1 spaces + | + N-1 spaces + /
• Iterate, printing each iteration, and moving \ one space to the right and / one space to the left...
• ...until we match \|/, which is replaced with -O- and jump to the n label
• replace with - and print
• replace -0- with /|\, and replace with - and jump back into the main loop
• Iterate, printing each iteration, and moving \ one space to the right and / one space to the left...
• ...until we match \$ which indicates were finished, and quit.

Output

 $ for i in {0..3}; do sed -rf asciisun.sed <<< $i ; done
 O
 \|/
 -O-
 /|\
 \ | /
  \|/ 
 --O--
  /|\ 
 / | \
 \  |  /
  \ | / 
   \|/  
 ---O---
   /|\  
  / | \ 
 /  |  \
 $

Answer 4

J, 37 34 40 bytes

1:echo('O\/-|'{.@#~0=+&|,-,+,[,])"*/~@i:

Usage:

   (1:echo('O\/-|'{.@#~0=+&|,-,+,[,])"*/~@i:) 2  NB. prints to stdout:
\ | /
 \|/ 
--O--
 /|\ 
/ | \

Explanation (from left to right):

• i: generates list -n, -(n-1), ..., n-1, n

• ( )"*/~@i: creates the Descartes product of i: with itself in a matrix arrangement, e.g. for n = 1 creates the following 3-by-3 matrix

  ┌─────┬────┬────┐
  │-1 -1│-1 0│-1 1│
  ├─────┼────┼────┤
  │0 -1 │0 0 │0 1 │
  ├─────┼────┼────┤
  │1 -1 │1 0 │1 1 │
  └─────┴────┴────┘
  

• for every matrix-element with integers x y we do the following

• +&|,-,+,[,] calculate a list of properties

  • +&| abs(x)+abs(y), equals 0 iff (if and only if) x=0 and y=0
  • - x-y, equals 0 iff x=y i.e. we are on the diagonal
  • + x+y, equals 0 iff x=-y i.e. we are on the anti-diagonal
  • [ x, equals 0 iff x=0 i.e. we are on the middle row
  • ] y, equals 0 iff y=0 i.e. we are on the middle column

• 'O\/-|'#~0= compare these above property values to 0 and take the ith character from the string 'O\/-|' if the ith property is true.

• the first character in the resulting string will always be the one we need, if there string is empty we need a space
• {. takes the first character of a string and if there is no one it returns a space character as padding just as we need
• we now have the exact matrix we need so we print it to stdout once with 1:echo

Try it online here.

Answer 5

PHP, 182 bytes

This seemed like a fun activity for my first answer. Comments on my code are welcome.

<?php function s($n){$e=2*$n+1;for($i=0;$i<$e*$e;$i++){$x=$i%$e;$y=floor($i/$e);echo$y==$x?($x==$n?"O":"\\"):($e-1==$x+$y?"/":($y==$n?"-":($x==$n?"|":" ")));echo$x==$e-1?"\n":"";}}?>

Here is the un-golfed code with comments:

<?php
function s($n) {
    $e=2*$n+1; //edge length
    for($i=0;$i<$e*$e;$i++) {
        $x = $i%$e; // current x coordinate
        $y = floor($i/$e); // current y coordinate

        if ($y==$n&&$x==$n) {
            // center of square
            echo'O';
        }
        else if ($y==$n) {
            // horizontal line
            echo'-';
        }
        else if ($x==$n) {
            // vertical line
            echo'|';
        }
        else if ($y==$x) {
            // diagonal line from top-left to bottom right
            echo'\\';
        }
        else if (($y-$n)==($n-$x)) {
            // diagonal line from bottom-left to top-right
            echo'/';
        }
        else {
            // empty space
            echo' ';
        }
        if ($x==$e-1) {
            // add new line for the end of the row
            echo"\n";
        }
    }
}?>
<pre>
<?php s(10); ?>
</pre>

Edited with code by royhowie

Answer 6

Python 2, 99

n=input()
R=range(-n,n+1)
for i in R:print''.join("O\|/ -"[[R,i,0,-i,j].index(j)^(i==0)]for j in R)

Prints line by line, creating each line by checking whether the coordinate (i,j) (centered at (0,0)) satisfies j==-i, j==0, j==i, or none, with a hack to make the center line work.

Answer 7

CJam, 48 45 43 41 38 bytes

This is still too long and I am still doing some redundant things, but here goes:

ri:R{_S*"\|/"@R-~S**1$N}%'-R*'O1$W$sW%

Try it online here

Answer 8

SpecBAS - 117 bytes

1 INPUT s: LET t=s*2: FOR y=0 TO t: PRINT AT y,y;"\";AT y,t/2;"|";AT t-y,y;"/";AT t/2,y;"-": NEXT y: PRINT AT s,s;"O"

This prints the slashes and dashes in one loop, and then plonks the "O" in the middle.

Output using 1, 2 and 9

Answer 9

JavaScript (ES6) 97 98

This seems different enough ...

// GOLFED
f=n=>(y=>{for(t='';++y<n;t+='\n')for(x=-n;++x<n;)t+='-O /\\|'[y?x?x-y?x+y?2:3:4:5:+!x]})(-++n)||t

// Ungolfed

F=n=>{
  ++n;
  t = '';
  for (y = -n; ++y < n; t += '\n')
    for (x = -n; ++x < n; )
      if (y != 0)
        if (x != 0)
          if (x != y)
            if (x != -y)
              t += ' '
            else
              t += '/'
          else
            t += '\\'
        else
          t += '|'
      else
        if (x != 0)
          t += '-'
        else 
          t += 'O'
  return t;
}
    
// TEST
function test(){ OUT.innerHTML = f(N.value|0); }
test()

input { width: 4em }

N: <input id=N value=5><button onclick="test()">Go</button>
<pre id="OUT"></pre>

Answer 10

Haskell, 109 98 96 bytes

Thanks to nimi and Mauris for their help!

0#0='O'
0#_='-'
_#0='|'
i#j|i==j='\\'|i== -j='/'|1<2=' '
f n=unlines[map(i#)[-n..n]|i<-[-n..n]]

Explanation:

The operator # specifies which character appears at coordinates (i,j), with the sun centered at (0,0). Function f builds the result String by mapping # over all pairs of coordinates ranging from -n to n.

Usage:

ghci> putStr $ f 2
\ | /
 \|/ 
--O--
 /|\ 
/ | \

Answer 11

OS/2 Classic Rexx, 102... or 14 for "cheater's version"

Take out the linefeeds to "golf" it.

w='%1'
o=center('O',w,'-')
m='center(space("\|/",w),%1)'
do w
  w=w-1
  interpret "o="m"|o|"m
end l
say o

Cheater's version, name the script whatever source code you want under 255 characters (requires HPFS disk):

interpret '%0'

---

EDIT: Just to be clear, cheater's version isn't intended to count! It's just to be silly and show an old dog can still do tricks. :)

e.g. For real fun and games, an implementation of Java-8/C11 style "lambda" expressions on a list iterator. Not tested, but ought to run on a circa 1979 IBM mainframe. ;)

ForEachInList( 'Months.January.Days', 'Day' -> 'SAY "You have an appointment with" Day.Appointment.Name "on" Day.Appointment.Date' )
EXIT

ForEachInList: 
    SIGNAL ON SYNTAX
    PARSE ARG MyList "," MyVar "->" MyCommand
    INTERPRET ' MyListCount = ' || MyList || '.Count'
    DO ListIndex = 1 TO MyListCount
       INTERPRET MyVar || ' = ' || MyList || '.' || ListIndex
       INTERPRET MyCommand
    END
    RETURN
SYNTAX:
    SAY MyCommand ' is not a valid expression. '
    EXIT

-- Calling code assumes you already made a stem (array), naturally.

Answer 12

R, 177 149 bytes

Mickey T. is the man! He helped me fix my originally incorrect solution and save 28 bytes. Thanks, Mickey!

m=matrix(" ",(w=2*(n=scan()+1)-1),w);m[row(m)==rev(col(m))]="/";diag(m)="\\";m[,n]="|";m[n,]="-";m[n,n]="O";m[,w]=paste0(m[,w],"\n");cat(t(m),sep="")

Ungolfed + explanation:

# Create a matrix of spaces, read n from stdin, assign w=2n+1
m <- matrix(" ", (w <- 2*(n <- scan() + 1) - 1), w)

# Replace the opposite diagonal with forward slashes
m[row(m) == rev(col(m))] <- "/"

# Replace the diagonal with backslashes
diag(m) <- "\\"

# Replace the vertical center line with pipes
m[, n] <- "|"

# Replace the horizontal center line with dashes
m[n, ] <- "-"

# Put an O in the middle
m[n, n] <- "O"

# Collapse the columns into single strings
m[, w] <- paste0(m[, w], "\n")

# Print the transposed matrix
cat(t(m), sep = "")

Any further suggestions are welcome!

Answer 13

Rust, 215 characters

fn a(n:usize){for i in 0..n{println!("{}\\{}|{1}/{0}",s(i),s(n-i-1))}println!("{}O{0}",vec!["-";n].concat());for i in(0..n).rev(){println!("{}/{}|{1}\\{0}",s(i),s(n-i-1))}}fn s(n:usize)->String{vec![" ";n].concat()}

I tried to use a string slicing method (by creating a string of n-1 spaces and slicing to and from an index) like so:

fn a(n:usize){let s=vec![" ";n-(n>0)as usize].concat();for i in 0..n{println!("{}\\{}|{1}/{0}",&s[..i],&s[i..])}println!("{}O{0}",vec!["-";n].concat());for i in(0..n).rev(){println!("{}/{}|{1}\\{0}",&s[..i],&s[i..])}}

But that's actually 3 chars longer.

Ungolfed code:

fn asciisun_ungolfed(n: usize) {
    for i in 0..n {
        println!("{0}\\{1}|{1}/{0}", spaces(i), spaces(n-i-1))
    }
    println!("{0}O{0}", vec!["-"; n].concat());
    for i in (0..n).rev() {
        println!("{0}/{1}|{1}\\{0}", spaces(i), spaces(n-i-1))
    }
}
fn spaces(n: usize) -> String { vec![" "; n].concat() }

The part I like is how I shave a few chars off on the formatting strings. For example,

f{0}o{1}o{1}b{0}ar

is equivalent to

f{}o{}o{1}b{0}ar

because the "auto-incrementer" for the format string argument position is not affected by manually specifying the number, and acts completely independently.

Answer 14

IDL 8.3, 135 bytes

Dunno if this can be golfed more... It's very straightforward. First we create a m x m array (m=2n+1) of empty strings; then, we draw the characters in lines (y=x, y=-x, y=n, and x=n). Then we drop the O in at point (n, n), and print the whole thing, formatted as m strings of length 1 on each line so that there's no extra spacing from printing the array natively.

pro s,n
m=2*n+1
v=strarr(m,m)
x=[0:m-1]
v[x,x]='\'
v[x,m-x-1]='/'
v[n,x]='|'
v[x,n]='-'
v[n,n]='O'
print,v,f='('+strtrim(m,2)+'A1)'
end

Test:

IDL> s,4
\   |   /
 \  |  / 
  \ | /  
   \|/   
----O----
   /|\   
  / | \  
 /  |  \ 
/   |   \

Answer 15

C#, 230 226 bytes

string g(int n){string r="";int s=n*2+1;for(int h=0;h<s;h++){for(int w=0;w<s;w++){if(h==w){if(w==n){r+="O";}else{r+="\\";}}else if(w==s-h-1){r+="/";}else if(w==n){r+="|";}else if(h==n){r+="-";}else{r+=" ";}}r+="\n";}return r;}

As requested, the ungolfed version: string ug(int n) {

        // The sting we'll be returning
        string ret = ""; 

        // The width and height of the output
        int s = n * 2 + 1; 

        // for loop for width and height
        for (int height = 0; height < s; height++) 
        {
            for (int width = 0; width < s; width++) 
            {
                // Matches on top-left to bottom-right diagonal line
                if (height == width) 
                {
                    // If this is the center, write the 'sun'
                    if (width == n) 
                    {
                        ret += "O"; 
                    }
                    // If this is not the center, add the diagonal line character
                    else 
                    {
                        ret += "\\"; 
                    }
                }
                // Matches on top-right to bottom-left diagonal line
                else if (width == s - height - 1) 
                { 
                    ret += "/";
                }
                // Matches to add the center line
                else if (width == n) 
                { 
                    ret += "|";
                }
                // Matches to add the horizontal line
                else if (height == n) 
                { 
                    ret += "-";
                }
                // Matches all others
                else 
                { 
                    ret += " "; 
                } 
            } 
            // Add a newline to separate each line
            ret += "\n"; 
        } 
        return ret; 
    }

This is my first post so apologies if I've done something wrong. Any comments and corrections are very welcome.

Answer 16

Ruby: 98 92 characters

Proc that returns a string with the Sun.

f=->n{x=(0..m=n*2).map{|i|s=?|.center m+1
s[i]=?\\
s[m-i]=?/
s}
x[n]=?O.center m+1,?-
x*?\n}

Sample run:

irb(main):001:0> f=->n{x=(0..m=n*2).map{|i|s=?|.center m+1;s[i]=?\\;s[m-i]=?/;s};x[n]=?O.center m+1,?-;x*?\n}
=> #<Proc:0x000000020dea60@(irb):1 (lambda)>
irb(main):002:0> (0..3).each {|i| puts f[i]}
O
\|/
-O-
/|\
\ | /
 \|/ 
--O--
 /|\ 
/ | \
\  |  /
 \ | / 
  \|/  
---O---
  /|\  
 / | \ 
/  |  \
=> 0..3

Answer 17

Octave 85

Bulding matrices as always=) eye produces an identity matrix, the rest is self explanatory I think.

m=(e=eye(2*(k=input('')+1)-1))*92+rot90(e)*47;m(:,k)='|';m(k,:)=45;m(k,k)='o';[m,'']

Answer 18

Javascript (ES7 Draft) 115

f=l=>[['O |/\\-'[y^x?z+~x^y?y^l?x^l?1:2:5:3:x^l&&4]for(x in _)].join('')for(y in _=[...Array(z=2*l+1)])].join('\n')


// Snippet demo: (Firefox only)
for(var X of [0,1,2,3,4,5])
    document.write('<pre>' + f(X) + '</pre><br />');

Answer 19

Matlab, 93 87 bytes

Sadly the function header has to be so big... Apart from that I think it is golfed pretty well. I wonder if it could be done better with some of the syntax differences in Octave.

N=input('');E=eye(N)*92;D=rot90(E)*.52;H=ones(1,N)*45;V=H'*2.76;[E V D;H 79 H;D V E '']

Answer 20

Pyth - 52 bytes

The hard part was figuring out how to switch the slashes for each side. I settled for defining a lambda that takes the symbols to use.

KdMms[*Kt-QdG*Kd\|*KdH)_UQjbg\\\/p\O*Q\-*\-Qjb_g\/\\

Can likely be golfed more, explanation coming soon.

Try it online here.

Answer 21

Perl, 94

There are a lot of nested ternary operators in here, but I think the code is reasonably straightforward.

$n=<>;for$x(-$n..$n){for$y(-$n..$n){print$x^$y?$x+$y?$x?$y?$":'|':'-':'/':$x?'\\':'O'}print$/}

Try it out here: ideone.com/E8MC1d

Answer 22

C# - 291 (full program)

using System;using System.Linq;class P{static void Main(string[] a){Func<int,int,int,char>C=(s,x,i)=>x==(2*s+1)?'\n':i==s?x==s?'O':'-':x==s?'|':x==i?'\\':x==2*s-i?'/':' ';int S=int.Parse(a[0])*2;Console.Write(Enumerable.Range(0,(S+1)*(S+1)+S).Select(z=>C(S/2,z%(S+2),z/(S+2))).ToArray());}}

Answer 23

JavaScript (ES6), 142 140 134 117 bytes

n=>(g=x=>x?`${t=` `[r=`repeat`](n-x--)}\\${s=` `[r](x)}|${s}/${t}
`+g(x):`-`[r](n))(n)+`O`+[...g(n)].reverse().join``

---

Try It

f=
n=>(g=x=>x?`${t=` `[r=`repeat`](n-x--)}\\${s=` `[r](x)}|${s}/${t}
`+g(x):`-`[r](n))(n)+`O`+[...g(n)].reverse().join``
i.addEventListener("input",_=>o.innerText=f(+i.value))
o.innerText=f(i.value=1)

<input id=i type=number><pre id=o>

Answer 24

Powershell, 108 97 93 bytes

filter f{try{$s=' '*--$_
"\$s|$s/"
$_|f|%{(" $_ ","-$_-")[$_-match'O']}
"/$s|$s\"}catch{'O'}}

Explanation:

• the recursive algorithm throws an exception on $s=' '*--$_ when current number less then 1;
• the output is a perfect rectangle with trailing spaces.

Less golfed test script:

filter f{
    try{
        $s=' '*--$_
        "\$s|$s/"
        $_|f|%{(" $_ ","-$_-")[$_-match'O']}
        "/$s|$s\"
    }catch{
        'O'
    }
}

@(

,(0,"O")
,(1,"\|/",
    "-O-",
    "/|\")
,(2,"\ | /",
    " \|/ ",
    "--O--",
    " /|\ ",
    "/ | \")
,(3,"\  |  /",
    " \ | / ",
    "  \|/  ",
    "---O---",
    "  /|\  ",
    " / | \ ",
    "/  |  \")

) | % {
    $n,$expected = $_
    $result = $n|f
    "$result"-eq"$expected"
    $result
}

Output:

True
O
True
\|/
-O-
/|\
True
\ | /
 \|/ 
--O--
 /|\ 
/ | \
True
\  |  /
 \ | / 
  \|/  
---O---
  /|\  
 / | \ 
/  |  \

Answer 25

Charcoal, 12 5 bytes

Ｐ*⊕θO

-7 bytes thanks to @ASCII-only, by using the builtin :*.

Try it online (verbose) or try it online (pure).

Explanation:

Print the 8-armed lines with a length of the input+1 (the +1 is because the center is included), without moving the cursor position:

MultiPrint(:*, Incremented(q));
Ｐ*⊕θ

Then print the "O" at the current location (still in the center, because we haven't moved due to the MultiPrint):

Print("O");
O

Answer 26

JavaScript (ES6), 139 135 140 + 1 bytes

(+1 is for -p flag with node in the console)

fixed:

t=(n,m)=>(m=2*n+1,(A=Array).from(A(m),(d,i)=>A.from(A(m),(e,j)=>i==j?j==n?"O":"\\":m-1==j+i?"/":i==n?"-":j==n?"|":" ").join("")).join("\n"))

usage:

t(3)
/*
\  |  /
 \ | / 
  \|/  
---O---
  /|\  
 / | \ 
/  |  \
*/

ungolfed:

var makeSun = function (n, m) {
    m = 2 * n + 1;    // there are 2*n+1 in each row/column
    return Array.from(Array(m), function (d, i) {
        return Array.from(Array(m), function (e, j) {
            // if i is j, we want to return a \
            // unless we're at the middle element
            // in which case we return the sun ("O")
            if (i == j) {
                return j == n ? "O" : "\\";
            // the other diagonal is when m-1 is j+i
            // so return a forward slash, /
            } else if (m - 1 == j + i) {
                return "/";
            // the middle row is all dashes
            } else if (i == n) {
                return "-";
            // the middle column is all pipes
            } else if (j == n) {
                return "|";
            // everything else is a space
            } else {
                return " ";
            }
        }).join("");
    }).join("\n");
}

Answer 27

Ruby - 130 bytes

def f(n);a=(0...n).map{|i|' '*i+"\\"+' '*(n-1-i)+'|'+' '*(n-1-i)+'/'+' '*i};puts(a+['-'*n+'O'+'-'*n]+a.reverse.map(&:reverse));end

usage:

irb(main):002:0> f(3)
\  |  /
 \ | /
  \|/
---O---
  /|\
 / | \
/  |  \

Answer 28

Perl 85 91 90 89 86B

map{$_=$r||O;s/^|$/ /mg;s/ (-*O-*) /-$1-/;$r="\\$s|$s/
$_
/$s|$s\\";$s.=$"}1..<>;say$r

Ungolfed:

# usage: echo 1|perl sun.pl

map {
    $_ = $r || O;  # no strict: o is "o". On the first run $r is not defined
    s/^|$/ /mg;    # overwriting $_ saves characters on these regexes
    s/ (-*O-*) /-$1-/;
    $r = "\\$s|$s/
$_
/$s|$s\\";         # Embedded newlines save 1B vs \n. On the first run $s is not defined.
    $s .= $"
} 1..<>;
say $r

Answer 29

Python, 175 129 127 125 Bytes

s,q,x=' ','',int(input())
for i in range(x):d=(x-i-1);q+=(s*i+'\\'+s*d+'|'+s*d+'/'+s*i+'\n')
print(q+'-'*x+'O'+'-'*x+q[::-1])

Try it online here.

Answer 30

Python 3, 193 186 bytes

Golfed

def f(n):
 s,b,e,d,g=' \\/|-';p,r,i='',int(n),0
 while r:print(s*i+b+s*(r-1)+d+s*(r-1)+e);r-=1;i+=1
 print(g*n+'O'+g*n);r+=1;i=n-1
 while r<n+1:print(s*i+e+s*(r-1)+d+s*(r-1)+b);r+=1;i-=1

Output

>>> f(3)
\  |  /
 \ | /
  \|/
---O---
  /|\
 / | \
/  |  \

>>> f(5)
\    |    /
 \   |   /
  \  |  /
   \ | /
    \|/
-----O-----
    /|\
   / | \
  /  |  \
 /   |   \
/    |    \

Ungolfed

def f(n):
    s, b, e, d, g = ' \\/|-'
    p, r, i = '', int(n), 0
    while r:
        print(s*i + b + s*(r-1) + d + s*(r-1) + e)
        r -= 1
        i += 1
    print(g*n + 'O' + g*n)
    r += 1
    i = n-1
    while r < n+1:
        print(s*i + e + s*(r-1) + d + s*(r-1) + b)
        r += 1
        i -= 1

Answer 31

CJam, 59 55 bytes

ri:A,W%{_S*"\|/"\*\A\-(S*_@@++}%_Wf%W%['-A*_'O\++]\++N*

This won't win any awards as-is but I was happy enough it worked!

Thanks to Sp3000 for golfing tips.

Answer 32

Prolog, 219 bytes

No, it's not much of a golfing language. But I think this site needs more Prolog.

s(N,N,N,79).
s(R,R,_,92).
s(R,C,N,47):-R+C=:=2*N.
s(N,_,N,45).
s(_,N,N,124).
s(_,_,_,32).
c(_,C,N):-C>2*N,nl.
c(R,C,N):-s(R,C,N,S),put(S),X is C+1,c(R,X,N).
r(R,N):-R>2*N.
r(R,N):-c(R,0,N),X is R+1,r(X,N).
g(N):-r(0,N).

Tested with swipl on Linux. Invoke like so: swipl -s asciiSun.prolog; then query for your desired size of sun:

?- g(3).
\  |  /
 \ | /
  \|/
---O---
  /|\
 / | \
/  |  \
true .

Ungolfed:

 % Args to sym/4 are row, column, N and the character code to be output at that location.
sym(N,N,N,79).
sym(R,R,_,'\\').
sym(R,C,N,'/') :- R+C =:= 2*N.
sym(N,_,N,'-').
sym(_,N,N,'|').
sym(_,_,_,' ').

 % Args to putCols/3 are row, column, and N.
 % Recursively outputs the characters in row from col onward.
putCols(_,C,N) :- C > 2*N, nl.
putCols(R,C,N) :- sym(R,C,N,S), put_code(S), NextC is C+1, putCols(R,NextC,N).

 % Args to putRows/2 are row and N.
 % Recursively outputs the grid from row downward.
putRows(R,N) :- R > 2*N.
putRows(R,N) :- putCols(R,0,N), NextR is R+1, putRows(NextR,N).

putGrid(N) :- putRows(0,N).

Answer 33

SmileBASIC, 87 bytes

INPUT N
FOR Y=-N TO N
FOR X=-N TO N?" \/|-     O"[(X==Y)+!(X+Y)*2+!X*3+!Y*4];
NEXT?NEXT

Answer 34

Japt, 26 bytes

Pub golfing so, as usual, could probably be shorter.

Æ'\+'/i|û´NÑÄÃp'Oi-pU¹·ê û

Try it

Æ'\+'/i|û´NÑÄÃp'Oi-pU¹·ê û     :Implicit input of integer U
Æ                              :Map the range [0,U)
 '\+                           :  Append to "\"
    '/i                        :    "/" prepended with
       |û                      :      "|" centre padded with spaces to length
         ´N                    :        Decrement the (singleton) array of inputs, casting it to an integer on the first iteration
           Ñ                   :        Multiply by 2
            Ä                  :        Add 1
             Ã                 :End map
              p                :Push
               'Oi             :  "O" prepended with
                  -pU          :    "-" repeated U times
                     ¹         :End push
                      ·        :Join with newlines
                       ê       :Palindromise (Mirror around the "O")
                         û     :Centre pad each line with spaces to the length of the longest

Answer 35

Canvas, 14 bytes

╵⌐|＊⁸／＋↔ω↶ｎ┼O╋

Try it here!

Answer 36

Retina 0.8.2, 99 bytes

.+
$* X$&$*-
 ( *)X(-+)
$1\|/¶$2X$2¶$1/|\
+`^ ( *.)( *)
$1$2 | $2/¶$&
+` ( */)( *).+$
$&¶$1$2 | $2\

Try it online! Explanation:

.+
$* X$&$*-

Place the X and draw n -s to its right. This completes the output for n=0.

 ( *)X(-+)
$1\|/¶$2X$2¶$1/|\

If n>0 then copy the -s to the left, and add the first level of \|/ and /|\ around the X. This completes the output for n=1.

+`^ ( *.)( *)
$1$2 | $2/¶$&

Extend the \|/ upwards, removing a space of indent each time, adding it back on each side of the |.

+` ( */)( *).+$
$&¶$1$2 | $2\

Extend the /|\ downwards, removing a space of indent each time, adding it back on each side of the |.

Answer 37

Groovy - 113

f={n->s=2*n+1;(1..s).each{r->(1..s+1).each{c->print c==r?n+1==r?"O":"\\":c==s-r+1?"/":c==n+1?"|":c>s?"\n":" "}}}

I think the ternary logic could probably be cleaned up to give a shorter answer...