Four color theorem

Question

The Four color theorem States that no more than four colors are required to color the regions of a map.

The challenge

Given a list of State borders assign each state ID a color so that no two adjacent states have the same color. The output Should be a CSS stylesheet assigning the color to the state's 2 letter ID code. Here is a SVG map which the stylesheet could be applied to. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/32/Blank_US_Map.svg

The rules

• Shortest code wins
• any state border list can be used
• only 4 colors can be used.
• the state list can be hardcoded

Advice: Use the CSS fill: property to change the color, For example #AL{fill:green}

Here is a list of state borders

AL-FL
AL-GA
AL-MS
AL-TN
AR-LA
AR-MO
AR-MS
AR-OK
AR-TN
AR-TX
AZ-CA
AZ-CO
AZ-NM
AZ-NV
AZ-UT
CA-NV
CA-OR
CO-KS
CO-NE
CO-NM
CO-OK
CO-UT
CO-WY
CT-MA
CT-NY
CT-RI
DC-MD
DC-VA
DE-MD
DE-NJ
DE-PA
FL-GA
GA-NC
GA-SC
GA-TN
IA-MN
IA-MO
IA-NE
IA-SD
IA-WI
ID-MT
ID-NV
ID-OR
ID-UT
ID-WA
ID-WY
IL-IA
IL-IN
IL-KY
IL-MO
IL-WI
IN-KY
IN-MI
IN-OH
KS-MO
KS-NE
KS-OK
KY-MO
KY-OH
KY-TN
KY-VA
KY-WV
LA-MS
LA-TX
MA-NH
MA-NY
MA-RI
MA-VT
MD-PA
MD-VA
MD-WV
ME-NH
MI-OH
MI-WI
MN-ND
MN-SD
MN-WI
MO-NE
MO-OK
MO-TN
MS-TN
MT-ND
MT-SD
MT-WY
NC-SC
NC-TN
NC-VA
ND-SD
NE-SD
NE-WY
NH-VT
NJ-NY
NJ-PA
NM-OK
NM-TX
NM-UT
NV-OR
NV-UT
NY-PA
NY-VT
OH-PA
OH-WV
OK-TX
OR-WA
PA-WV
SD-WY
TN-VA
UT-WY
VA-WV

Answer 1

Python, 320 chars

import sys,random
S=[]
E={}
for x in sys.stdin:a=x[:2];b=x[3:5];S+=[a,b];E[a,b]=E[b,a]=1
C={0:0}
while any(1>C[s]for s in C):
 C={s:0for s in S};random.shuffle(S)
 for s in S:
    A=set([1,2,3,4])-set(C[y]for x,y in E if x==s)
    if A:C[s]=random.choice(list(A))
for s in C:print'#%s{fill:%s}'%(s,' bglrloieulmdede'[C[s]::4])

Uses a randomized algorithm. Assign colors to states in random order by selecting a color that doesn't conflict with adjacent states that have already been colored. Seems to work in a tenth of a second or so on the given input.

Example output:

$ 4color.py < stategraph
#WA{fill:red}
#DE{fill:gold}
#DC{fill:blue}
#WI{fill:blue}
#WV{fill:red}
#FL{fill:lime}
#WY{fill:gold}
#NH{fill:red}
#NJ{fill:lime}
#NM{fill:gold}
#TX{fill:red}
#LA{fill:blue}
#NC{fill:blue}
#ND{fill:gold}
#NE{fill:blue}
#TN{fill:red}
#NY{fill:gold}
#PA{fill:blue}
#RI{fill:gold}
#NV{fill:red}
#VA{fill:gold}
#CO{fill:red}
#CA{fill:gold}
#AL{fill:blue}
#AR{fill:gold}
#VT{fill:lime}
#IL{fill:red}
#GA{fill:gold}
#IN{fill:lime}
#IA{fill:gold}
#OK{fill:blue}
#AZ{fill:lime}
#ID{fill:lime}
#CT{fill:red}
#ME{fill:blue}
#MD{fill:lime}
#MA{fill:blue}
#OH{fill:gold}
#UT{fill:blue}
#MO{fill:lime}
#MN{fill:red}
#MI{fill:red}
#KS{fill:gold}
#MT{fill:blue}
#MS{fill:lime}
#SC{fill:red}
#KY{fill:blue}
#OR{fill:blue}
#SD{fill:lime}

Example pasted into svg.

Answer 2

Prolog, 309 307 283 chars

:-initialization m.
a-X:-assert(X);retract(X),1=0.
r:-maplist(get_char,[A,B,E,C,D,F]),(E=F;X=[A,B],Y=[C,D],a-X/Y,a-Y/X,(s/X;a-s/X),(s/Y;a-s/Y),r).
s+[]:- \+ (X*C,writef('#%s{fill:#%w}',[X,C]),1=0).
s+[X|T]:-member(C,[911,191,119,991]),a-X*C,\+ (X/Y,Y*C),s+T.
m:-r,bagof(X,s/X,L),s+L.

The algorithm uses backtracking / depth-first search to fill out the map.

A bit more readable:

:- initialization(main).

% Found on http://awarth.blogspot.de/2008/08/asserts-and-retracts-with-automatic.html
assert2(X) :- assert(X).
assert2(X) :- retract(X), fail.

% Reads all states into clauses "state-State",
% and all connections into "State-Neighbor" and "Neighbor-State".
read_states :-
    % Read a line "AB-CD\n"
    maplist(get_char, [A,B,E,C,D,F]),
    (   A = F;
        State = [A, B],
        Neighbor = [C, D],
        % Memorize the connection between State and Neighbor in both directions.
        assert(State/Neighbor),
        assert(Neighbor/State),
        % Memorize State and Neighbor for the list of states.
        (state/State; assert(state/State)),
        (state/Neighbor; assert(state/Neighbor)),
        % Continue for all lines.
        read_states
    ).

% Print out all colors.
solve([]) :-
    once((
        State*Color,
        writef('#%s{fill:%w}', [State, Color]),
        fail
    )); !.

% Use depth-first search to color the map.
solve([State|FurtherStates]) :-
    member(Color, ['#911', '#191', '#119', '#991']),
    assert2(State*Color),
    \+ (State/Neighbor, Neighbor*Color),
    solve(FurtherStates).

main :-
    read_states,
    bagof(State, state/State, States),
    solve(States).

Invocation:

cat borders.txt | swipl -q ./fourcolors.pl

Result (newlines are not needed):

#AL{fill:#911}#FL{fill:#191}#GA{fill:#119}#MS{fill:#191}#TN{fill:#991}#AR{fill:#911}#LA{fill:#119}#MO{fill:#191}#OK{fill:#119}#TX{fill:#191}#AZ{fill:#911}#CA{fill:#191}#CO{fill:#191}#NM{fill:#991}#NV{fill:#991}#UT{fill:#119}#OR{fill:#911}#KS{fill:#911}#NE{fill:#119}#WY{fill:#911}#CT{fill:#911}#MA{fill:#191}#NY{fill:#119}#RI{fill:#119}#DC{fill:#911}#MD{fill:#191}#VA{fill:#119}#DE{fill:#119}#NJ{fill:#191}#PA{fill:#911}#NC{fill:#911}#SC{fill:#191}#IA{fill:#911}#MN{fill:#191}#SD{fill:#991}#WI{fill:#119}#ID{fill:#191}#MT{fill:#119}#WA{fill:#119}#IL{fill:#991}#IN{fill:#191}#KY{fill:#911}#MI{fill:#911}#OH{fill:#119}#WV{fill:#991}#NH{fill:#911}#VT{fill:#991}#ME{fill:#191}#ND{fill:#911}

Pasted into an SVG: http://jsbin.com/toniseqaqi/

Answer 3

JavaScript (ES6) 269 279

Recursive search with backtracking. ~80 bytes spent for state list parsing.

 F=l=>{
   S=(a,b)=>S[a]=(S[a]||[]).concat(b),
   l.replace(/(..)-(..)/g,(_,a,b)=>S(a,b)+S(b,a)),
   k=Object.keys(S),
   R=(p,c=k[p])=>!c||['blue','gold','red','tan'].some(i=>!c.some(t=>S[t].c==i)&&(c.c=i,R(p+1)||(c.c='')),c=S[c]),
   R(0),
   k.map(k=>console.log('#'+k+'{fill:'+S[k].c+'}'))
 }

Ungolfed

F=l=>{
  var states = {}; // hash table with adiacent list for each state
  S=(a,b)=>states[a]=(states[a]||[]).concat(b);
  l.replace(/(..)-(..)/g,(_,a,b)=>S(a,b)+S(b,a)); // build the hash table from the param list 

  keys = Object.keys(states); // get the list of hashtable keys as an array (the 49 states id)
  Scan=(p)=> // Recursive scan function
  {
    var sId = keys[p]; // in sid the current state id, or undefined if passed last key
    if (!sId) return true; // end of keys, recursive search is finished 
    var sInfo = states[sId]; // in sInfo the aarray of adiacent states id + the color property

    return ['blue','gold','red','tan'].some( (color) => // check the four avaialabe colors
      {
        var colorInUse = sInfo.some( (t) => states[t].color == color); // true if an adiacent state already has the currnet color
        if (!colorInUse) // if the color is usable
        {
          sInfo.color = color; // assign the current color to the current state
          var ok = Scan(p+1); // proceed with the recursive scan on the next state
          if (!ok) // if recursive scan failed, backtrack
          {
            sInfo.color = ''; // remove the assigned color for the current state
          }
          return ok;
        }
      }
    )
  },
  Scan(0), // start scan 
  keys.forEach( (sId) => console.log('#'+sId+'{fill:'+states[sId].color+'}')) // output color list
}

Test in FireFox/FireBug console

list = "AL-FL AL-GA AL-MS AL-TN AR-LA AR-MO AR-MS AR-OK AR-TN AR-TX AZ-CA AZ-CO AZ-NM "+
"AZ-NV AZ-UT CA-NV CA-OR CO-KS CO-NE CO-NM CO-OK CO-UT CO-WY CT-MA CT-NY CT-RI "+
"DC-MD DC-VA DE-MD DE-NJ DE-PA FL-GA GA-NC GA-SC GA-TN IA-MN IA-MO IA-NE IA-SD "+
"IA-WI ID-MT ID-NV ID-OR ID-UT ID-WA ID-WY IL-IA IL-IN IL-KY IL-MO IL-WI IN-KY "+
"IN-MI IN-OH KS-MO KS-NE KS-OK KY-MO KY-OH KY-TN KY-VA KY-WV LA-MS LA-TX MA-NH "+
"MA-NY MA-RI MA-VT MD-PA MD-VA MD-WV ME-NH MI-OH MI-WI MN-ND MN-SD MN-WI MO-NE "+
"MO-OK MO-TN MS-TN MT-ND MT-SD MT-WY NC-SC NC-TN NC-VA ND-SD NE-SD NE-WY NH-VT "+
"NJ-NY NJ-PA NM-OK NM-TX NM-UT NV-OR NV-UT NY-PA NY-VT OH-PA OH-WV OK-TX OR-WA "+
"PA-WV SD-WY TN-VA UT-WY VA-WV";
F(list);

Output

#AL{fill:blue}
#FL{fill:gold}
#GA{fill:red}
#MS{fill:gold}
#TN{fill:tan}
#AR{fill:blue}
#LA{fill:red}
#MO{fill:gold}
#OK{fill:red}
#TX{fill:gold}
#AZ{fill:blue}
#CA{fill:gold}
#CO{fill:gold}
#NM{fill:tan}
#NV{fill:tan}
#UT{fill:red}
#OR{fill:blue}
#KS{fill:blue}
#NE{fill:red}
#WY{fill:blue}
#CT{fill:blue}
#MA{fill:gold}
#NY{fill:red}
#RI{fill:red}
#DC{fill:blue}
#MD{fill:gold}
#VA{fill:red}
#DE{fill:red}
#NJ{fill:gold}
#PA{fill:blue}
#NC{fill:blue}
#SC{fill:gold}
#IA{fill:blue}
#MN{fill:gold}
#SD{fill:tan}
#WI{fill:red}
#ID{fill:gold}
#MT{fill:red}
#WA{fill:red}
#IL{fill:tan}
#IN{fill:gold}
#KY{fill:blue}
#MI{fill:blue}
#OH{fill:red}
#WV{fill:tan}
#NH{fill:blue}
#VT{fill:tan}
#ME{fill:gold}
#ND{fill:blue}