Bridge the Gaps

Question

Given a black and white image with a white background and a set of black dots, paint a set of white pixels red, such that there is a path between each pair of black pixels.

Details

• A path is a set of connected pixels (8-neighbourhood connectivity). Black pixels can be used as part of the paths. The goal is trying to minimize the set of red pixels under the above conditions, and outputting a corresponding image.

• You don't have to find the optimal solution.

• A trivial and at the same time worst solution is just painting all the white pixels red.

• Example (Pixels are enlarged for visibility):

Details

• Given a pixel image (in any suitable format) return another image with the dots connected as specified above, as well as a integer indicating how many red pixel were used.
• The Score is the product of (1+the number of red pixels) for each of the 14 testcases.
• The goal is having the lowest score.

Testcases

The 14 testcases are shown below. A python program to verify the connectedness of the outputs can be found here.

Meta

Thanks to @Veskah, @Fatalize, @wizzwizz4 and @trichoplax for the various suggestions.

Answer 1

C, score 2.397x10^38

Man this took way too long to do, most likely due to my choice of language. I got the algorithm working fairly early, but ran into a lot of problems with memory allocation (couldn't recursively free stuff due to stack overflows, leak sizes were huge).

Still! It beats the other entry on every test case, and might even be optimal gets pretty close or exactly optimal solutions a lot of the time.

Anyway, here's the code:

#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdbool.h>
#include <string.h>

#define WHITE 'W'
#define BLACK 'B'
#define RED   'R'


typedef struct image {
    int w, h;
    char* buf;
} image;

typedef struct point {
    int x, y;
    struct point *next;
    struct point *parent;
} point;

typedef struct shape {
    point* first_point;
    point* last_point;

    struct shape* next_shape;
} shape;


typedef struct storage {
    point* points;
    size_t points_size;
    size_t points_index;

    shape* shapes;
    size_t shapes_size;
    size_t shapes_index;
} storage;

char getpx(image* img, int x, int y) {
    if (0>x || x>=img->w || 0>y || y>=img->h) {
        return WHITE;
    } else {
        return img->buf[y*img->w+x];
    }
}

storage* create_storage(int w, int h) {
    storage* ps = (storage*)malloc(sizeof(storage));

    ps->points_size = 8*w*h;
    ps->points = (point*)calloc(ps->points_size, sizeof(point));
    ps->points_index = 0;

    ps->shapes_size = 2*w*h;
    ps->shapes = (shape*)calloc(ps->shapes_size, sizeof(shape));
    ps->shapes_index = 0;

    return ps;
}

void free_storage(storage* ps) {
    if (ps != NULL) {
        if (ps->points != NULL) {
            free(ps->points);
            ps->points = NULL;
        }
        if (ps->shapes != NULL) {
            free(ps->shapes);
            ps->shapes = NULL;
        }
        free(ps);
    }
}


point* alloc_point(storage* ps) {
    if (ps->points_index == ps->points_size) {
        printf("WHOAH THERE BUDDY SLOW DOWN\n");
        /*// double the size of the buffer
        point* new_buffer = (point*)malloc(ps->points_size*2*sizeof(point));
        // need to change all existing pointers to point to new buffer
        long long int pointer_offset = (long long int)new_buffer - (long long int)ps->points;
        for (size_t i=0; i<ps->points_index; i++) {
            new_buffer[i] = ps->points[i];
            if (new_buffer[i].next != NULL) {
                new_buffer[i].next += pointer_offset;
            }
            if (new_buffer[i].parent != NULL) {
                new_buffer[i].parent += pointer_offset;
            }
        }

        for(size_t i=0; i<ps->shapes_index; i++) {
            if (ps->shapes[i].first_point != NULL) {
                ps->shapes[i].first_point += pointer_offset;
            }
            if (ps->shapes[i].last_point != NULL) {
                ps->shapes[i].last_point += pointer_offset;
            }
        }

        free(ps->points);
        ps->points = new_buffer;
        ps->points_size = ps->points_size * 2;*/
    }
    point* out = &(ps->points[ps->points_index]);
    ps->points_index += 1;
    return out;
}

shape* alloc_shape(storage* ps) {
    /*if (ps->shapes_index == ps->shapes_size) {
        // double the size of the buffer
        shape* new_buffer = (shape*)malloc(ps->shapes_size*2*sizeof(shape));
        long long int pointer_offset = (long long int)new_buffer - (long long int)ps->shapes;
        for (size_t i=0; i<ps->shapes_index; i++) {
            new_buffer[i] = ps->shapes[i];
            if (new_buffer[i].next_shape != NULL) {
                new_buffer[i].next_shape += pointer_offset;
            }
        }
        free(ps->shapes);
        ps->shapes = new_buffer;
        ps->shapes_size = ps->shapes_size * 2;
    }*/
    shape* out = &(ps->shapes[ps->shapes_index]);
    ps->shapes_index += 1;
    return out;
}

shape floodfill_shape(image* img, storage* ps, int x, int y, char* buf) {
    // not using point allocator for exploration stack b/c that will overflow it

    point* stack = (point*)malloc(sizeof(point));
    stack->x = x;
    stack->y = y;
    stack->next = NULL;
    stack->parent = NULL;

    point* explored = NULL;
    point* first_explored;
    point* next_explored;

    while (stack != NULL) {
        int sx = stack->x;
        int sy = stack->y;
        point* prev_head = stack;
        stack = stack->next;
        free(prev_head);

        buf[sx+sy*img->w] = 1; // mark as explored

        // add point to shape
        next_explored = alloc_point(ps);
        next_explored->x = sx;
        next_explored->y = sy;
        next_explored->next = NULL;
        next_explored->parent = NULL;

        if (explored != NULL) {
            explored->next = next_explored;
        } else {
            first_explored = next_explored;
        }
        explored = next_explored;

        for (int dy=-1; dy<2; dy++) {
        for (int dx=-1; dx<2; dx++) {
            if (dy != 0 || dx != 0) {
                int nx = sx+dx;
                int ny = sy+dy;
                if (getpx(img, nx, ny) == WHITE || buf[nx+ny*img->w]) {
                    // skip adding point to fringe
                } else {
                    // push point to top of stack
                    point* new_point = (point*)malloc(sizeof(point));
                    new_point->x = nx;
                    new_point->y = ny;
                    new_point->next = stack;
                    new_point->parent = NULL;

                    stack = new_point;
                } 
            }
        }
        }
    }

    /*if (getpx(img, x, y) == WHITE || buf[x+y*img->w]) {
        return (shape){NULL, NULL, NULL};
    } else {
        buf[x+y*img->w] = 1;

        shape e  = floodfill_shape(img, ps, x+1, y,   buf);
        shape ne = floodfill_shape(img, ps, x+1, y+1, buf);
        shape n  = floodfill_shape(img, ps, x,   y+1, buf);
        shape nw = floodfill_shape(img, ps, x-1, y+1, buf);
        shape w  = floodfill_shape(img, ps, x-1, y,   buf);
        shape sw = floodfill_shape(img, ps, x-1, y-1, buf);
        shape s  = floodfill_shape(img, ps, x,   y-1, buf);
        shape se = floodfill_shape(img, ps, x+1, y-1, buf);

        point *p = alloc_point(ps);
        p->x = x;
        p->y = y;
        p->next = NULL;
        p->parent = NULL;

        shape o = (shape){p, p, NULL};
        if (e.first_point != NULL) {
            o.last_point->next = e.first_point;
            o.last_point = e.last_point;
        }
        if (ne.first_point != NULL) {
            o.last_point->next = ne.first_point;
            o.last_point = ne.last_point;
        }
        if (n.first_point != NULL) {
            o.last_point->next = n.first_point;
            o.last_point = n.last_point;
        }
        if (nw.first_point != NULL) {
            o.last_point->next = nw.first_point;
            o.last_point = nw.last_point;
        }
        if (w.first_point != NULL) {
            o.last_point->next = w.first_point;
            o.last_point = w.last_point;
        }
        if (sw.first_point != NULL) {
            o.last_point->next = sw.first_point;
            o.last_point = sw.last_point;
        }
        if (s.first_point != NULL) {
            o.last_point->next = s.first_point;
            o.last_point = s.last_point;
        }
        if (se.first_point != NULL) {
            o.last_point->next = se.first_point;
            o.last_point = se.last_point;
        }

        return o;
    }*/

    shape out = {first_explored, explored, NULL};

    return out;
}

shape* create_shapes(image* img, storage* ps) {
    char* added_buffer = (char*)calloc(img->w*img->h, sizeof(char));
    shape* first_shape = NULL;
    shape* last_shape = NULL;
    int num_shapes = 0;
    for (int y=0; y<img->h; y++) {
        for (int x=0; x<img->w; x++) {
            if (getpx(img, x, y) != WHITE && !(added_buffer[x+y*img->w])) {
                shape* alloced_shape = alloc_shape(ps);
                *alloced_shape = floodfill_shape(img, ps, x, y, added_buffer);

                if (first_shape == NULL) {
                    first_shape = alloced_shape;
                    last_shape = alloced_shape;
                } else if (last_shape != NULL) {
                    last_shape->next_shape = alloced_shape;
                    last_shape = alloced_shape;
                }

                num_shapes++;
            }
        }
    }

    free(added_buffer);

    return first_shape;
}

void populate_buf(image* img, shape* s, char* buf) {
    point* p = s->first_point;

    while (p != NULL) {
        buf[p->x+p->y*img->w] = 1;
        p = p->next;
    }
}

bool expand_frontier(image* img, storage* ps, shape* prev_frontier, shape* next_frontier, char* buf) {
    point* p = prev_frontier->first_point;
    point* n = NULL;

    bool found = false;

    size_t starting_points_index = ps->points_index;

    while (p != NULL) {
        for (int dy=-1; dy<2; dy++) {
        for (int dx=-1; dx<2; dx++) {
            if (dy != 0 || dx != 0) {
                int nx = p->x+dx;
                int ny = p->y+dy;
                if ((0<=nx && nx<img->w && 0<=ny && ny<img->h) // in bounds
                        && !buf[nx+ny*img->w]) {               // not searched yet
                    buf[nx+ny*img->w] = 1;
                    if (getpx(img, nx, ny) != WHITE) {
                        // found a new shape!
                        ps->points_index = starting_points_index;
                        n = alloc_point(ps);
                        n->x = nx;
                        n->y = ny;
                        n->next = NULL;
                        n->parent = p;
                        found = true;
                        goto __expand_frontier_fullbreak;
                    } else {
                        // need to search more
                        point* f = alloc_point(ps);
                        f->x = nx;
                        f->y = ny;
                        f->next = n;
                        f->parent = p;
                        n = f;
                    }
                }
            }
        }}

        p = p->next;
    }
__expand_frontier_fullbreak:
    p = NULL;
    point* last_n = n;
    while (last_n->next != NULL) {
        last_n = last_n->next;
    }

    next_frontier->first_point = n;
    next_frontier->last_point = last_n;

    return found;
}

void color_from_frontier(image* img, point* frontier_point) {
    point* p = frontier_point->parent;

    while (p->parent != NULL) { // if everything else is right,
                                // a frontier point should come in a chain of at least 3
                                // (f point (B) -> point to color (W) -> point in shape (B) -> NULL)
        img->buf[p->x+p->y*img->w] = RED;
        p = p->parent;
    }
}

int main(int argc, char** argv) {
    if (argc < 3) {
        printf("Error: first argument must be filename to load, second argument filename to save to.\n");
        return 1;
    }

    char* fname = argv[1];
    FILE* fp = fopen(fname, "r");

    if (fp == NULL) {
        printf("Error opening file \"%s\"\n", fname);
        return 1;
    }

    int w, h;
    w = 0;
    h = 0;
    fscanf(fp, "%d %d\n", &w, &h);

    if (w==0 || h==0) {
        printf("Error: invalid width/height specified\n");
        return 1;
    }

    char* buf = (char*)malloc(sizeof(char)*w*h+1);
    fgets(buf, w*h+1, fp);
    fclose(fp);

    image img = (image){w, h, buf};

    int nshapes = 0;
    storage* ps = create_storage(w, h);

    while (nshapes != 1) {
        // main loop, do processing step until one shape left
        ps->points_index = 0;
        ps->shapes_index = 0;

        shape* head = create_shapes(&img, ps);
        nshapes = 0;
        shape* pt = head;
        while (pt != NULL) {
            pt = pt->next_shape;
            nshapes++;
        }
        if (nshapes % 1024 == 0) {
            printf("shapes left: %d\n", nshapes);
        }
        if (nshapes == 1) {
            goto __main_task_complete;
        }


        shape* frontier = alloc_shape(ps);
        // making a copy so we can safely free later
        point* p = head->first_point;
        point* ffp = NULL;
        point* flp = NULL;
        while (p != NULL) {
            if (ffp == NULL) {
                ffp = alloc_point(ps);
                ffp->x = p->x;
                ffp->y = p->y;
                ffp->next = NULL;
                ffp->parent = NULL;
                flp = ffp;
            } else {
                point* fnp = alloc_point(ps);
                fnp->x = p->x;
                fnp->y = p->y;
                fnp->next = NULL;
                fnp->parent = NULL;

                flp->next = fnp;
                flp = fnp;
            }

            p = p->next;
        }
        frontier->first_point = ffp;
        frontier->last_point = flp;
        frontier->next_shape = NULL;

        char* visited_buf = (char*)calloc(img.w*img.h+1, sizeof(char));
        populate_buf(&img, frontier, visited_buf);

        shape* new_frontier = alloc_shape(ps);
        new_frontier->first_point = NULL;
        new_frontier->last_point = NULL;
        new_frontier->next_shape = NULL;

        while (!expand_frontier(&img, ps, frontier, new_frontier, visited_buf)) {
            frontier->first_point = new_frontier->first_point;
            frontier->last_point = new_frontier->last_point;
            new_frontier->next_shape = frontier;
        }

        free(visited_buf);
        color_from_frontier(&img, new_frontier->first_point);
__main_task_complete:
        img = img;
    }

    free_storage(ps);

    char* outfname = argv[2];
    fp = fopen(outfname, "w");

    if (fp == NULL) {
        printf("Error opening file \"%s\"\n", outfname);
        return 1;
    }

    fprintf(fp, "%d %d\n", img.w, img.h);
    fprintf(fp, "%s", img.buf);

    free(img.buf);

    fclose(fp);

    return 0;
}

Tested on: Arch Linux, GCC 9.1.0, -O3

This code takes input/output in a custom file I call "cppm" (because it's like a condensed version of the classic PPM format). A python script to convert to/from it is below:

from PIL import Image

BLACK='B'
WHITE='W'
RED  ='R'


def image_to_cppm(infname, outfname):
    outfile = open(outfname, 'w')
    im = Image.open(infname)

    w, h = im.width, im.height
    outfile.write(f"{w} {h}\n")
    for y in range(h):
        for x in range(w):
            r, g, b, *_ = im.getpixel((x, y))
            if r==0 and g==0 and b==0:
                outfile.write(BLACK)
            elif g==0 and b==0:
                outfile.write(RED)
            else:
                outfile.write(WHITE)
    outfile.write("\n")
    outfile.close()
    im.close()

def cppm_to_image(infname, outfname):
    infile = open(infname, 'r')

    w, h = infile.readline().split(" ")
    w, h = int(w), int(h)

    im = Image.new('RGB', (w, h), color=(255, 255, 255))

    for y in range(h):
        for x in range(w):
            c = infile.read(1)
            if c==BLACK:
                im.putpixel((x,y), (0, 0, 0))
            elif c==RED:
                im.putpixel((x,y), (255, 0, 0))

    infile.close()
    im.save(outfname)
    im.close()


if __name__ == "__main__":
    import sys
    if len(sys.argv) < 3:
        print("Error: must provide 2 files to convert, first is from, second is to")

    infname = sys.argv[1]
    outfname = sys.argv[2]

    if not infname.endswith("cppm") and outfname.endswith("cppm"):
        image_to_cppm(infname, outfname)
    elif infname.endswith("cppm") and not outfname.endswith("cppm"):
        cppm_to_image(infname, outfname)
    else:
        print("didn't do anything, exactly one file must end with .cppm")

Algorithm explanation

How this algorithm works is that it starts by finding all the connected shapes in the image, including red pixels. It then takes the first one and expands its frontier one pixel at a time until it encounters another shape. It then colors all the pixels from the touching to the original shape (using the linkedlist it made along the way to keep track). Finally, it repeats the process, finding all the new shapes created, until there is only one shape left.

Image gallery

Testcase 1, 183 pixels

Testcase 2, 140 pixels

Testcase 3, 244 pixels

Testcase 4, 42 pixels

Testcase 5, 622 pixels

Testcase 6, 1 pixel

Testcase 7, 104 pixels

Testcase 8, 2286 pixels

Testcase 9, 22 pixels

Testcase 10, 31581 pixels

Testcase 11, 21421 pixels

Testcase 12, 5465 pixels

Testcase 13, 4679 pixels

Testcase 14, 7362 pixels

Answer 2

Python, 2.62 * 10^40

This algorithm just floodfills (BFS) the plane starting from the black parts of the image, where for each new pixel we record what black part it was flooded from. As soon as we have two neighbouring pixels with different black parts as ancestors, we basically merge these two black parts by joining them through the ancestors of the two neighbours we just found. In theory this could be implemented in O(#pixels), but to keep the amount of code at an acceptable level this implementation is slightly worse.

Output

import numpy as np
from scipy import ndimage
import imageio
from collections import deque

# path to your image
for k in range(1, 15):
    fname=str(k).zfill(2) +'.png'
    print("processing ", fname)

    # load image
    img = imageio.imread("./images/"+fname, pilmode="RGB")
    print(img.shape)

    # determine non_white part
    white = np.logical_and(np.logical_and(img[:,:,0] == 255, img[:,:,1] == 255), img[:,:,2] == 255)
    non_white = np.logical_not(white)

    # find connected components of non-white part
    neighbourhood = np.ones((3,3))
    labeled, nr_objects = ndimage.label(non_white, neighbourhood)

    # print result
    print("number of separate objects is {}".format(nr_objects))

    # start flood filling algorithm
    ind = np.nonzero(labeled)
    front = deque(zip(ind[0],ind[1]))

    membership = np.copy(labeled)
    is_merge_point = np.zeros_like(labeled) > 0
    parent = np.zeros((2,) + labeled.shape) #find ancestor of each pixel
    is_seed = labeled > 0
    size_i, size_j = labeled.shape
    # flood from every seed
    while front: #while we have unexplored pixels
        point = front.popleft()
        # check neighbours:
        for (di,dj) in [(-1,-1),(-1,0),(-1,1),(0,-1),(0,1),(1,-1),(1,0),(1,1)]:
            current = membership[point[0], point[1]]
            new_i, new_j = point[0]+di, point[1]+dj
            if 0 <= new_i < size_i and 0 <= new_j < size_j:
                value = membership[new_i, new_j]
                if value == 0:
                    membership[new_i, new_j] = current
                    front.append((new_i, new_j))
                    parent[:, new_i, new_j] = point
                elif value != current: #MERGE!
                    is_merge_point[point[0], point[1]] = True
                    is_merge_point[new_i, new_j] = True
                    membership[np.logical_or(membership == value, membership == current)] = min(value, current)

    # trace back from every merger
    ind = np.nonzero(is_merge_point)
    merge_points = deque(zip(ind[0].astype(np.int),ind[1].astype(np.int)))
    for point in merge_points:
        next_p = point
        while not is_seed[next_p[0], next_p[1]]:
            is_merge_point[next_p[0], next_p[1]] = True
            next_p = parent[:, next_p[0], next_p[1]].astype(np.int)

    # add red points:
    img_backup = np.copy(img)
    img[:,:,0][is_merge_point] = 255 * img_backup[:,:,0]
    img[:,:,1][is_merge_point] = 0   * img_backup[:,:,1]
    img[:,:,2][is_merge_point] = 0   * img_backup[:,:,2]

    #compute number of new points
    n_red_points = (img[:,:,0] != img[:,:,1]).sum()
    print("#red points:", n_red_points)

    # plot: each component should have separate color
    imageio.imwrite("./out_images/"+fname, np.array(img))

Score

(1+183)*(1+142)*(1+244)*(1+42)*(1+1382)*(1+2)*(1+104)*(1+7936)*(1+26)*(1+38562)*(1+42956)*(1+6939)*(1+8882)*(1+9916)
= 26208700066468930789809050445560539404000
= 2.62 * 10^40

Answer 3

Python 3: 1.7x10^42 1.5x10^41

Using Pillow, numpy and scipy.

Images are assumed to be in an images folder located in the same directory as the script.

Disclaimer: It takes a long time to process all the images.

Code

import sys
import os

from PIL import Image
import numpy as np
import scipy.ndimage


def obtain_groups(image, threshold, structuring_el):
    """
    Obtain isles of unconnected pixels via a threshold on the R channel
    """
    image_logical = (image[:, :, 1] < threshold).astype(np.int)
    return scipy.ndimage.measurements.label(image_logical, structure=structuring_el)


def swap_colors(image, original_color, new_color):
    """
    Swap all the pixels of a specific color by another color 
    """
    r1, g1, b1 = original_color  # RGB value to be replaced
    r2, g2, b2 = new_color  # New RGB value
    red, green, blue = image[:, :, 0], image[:, :, 1], image[:, :, 2]
    mask = (red == r1) & (green == g1) & (blue == b1)
    image[:, :, :3][mask] = [r2, g2, b2]
    return image


def main(image_path=None):
    images = os.listdir("images")
    f = open("results.txt", "w")

    if image_path is not None:
        images = [image_path]

    for image_name in images:
        im = Image.open("images/"+image_name).convert("RGBA")
        image = np.array(im)

        image = swap_colors(image, (255, 255, 255), (255, 0, 0))

        # create structuring element to determine unconnected groups of pixels in image
        s = scipy.ndimage.morphology.generate_binary_structure(2, 2)

        for i in np.ndindex(image.shape[:2]):
            # skip black pixels
            if sum(image[i[0], i[1]]) == 255:
                continue
            image[i[0], i[1]] = [255, 255, 255, 255]
            # label the different groups, considering diagonal connections as valid
            groups, num_groups = obtain_groups(image, 255, s)
            if num_groups != 1:
                image[i[0], i[1]] = [255, 0, 0, 255]
            # Show percentage
            print((i[1] + i[0]*im.size[0])/(im.size[0]*im.size[1]))

        # Number of red pixels
        red_p = 0
        for i in np.ndindex(image.shape[:2]):
            j = (im.size[1] - i[0] - 1, im.size[0] - i[1] - 1)
            # skip black and white pixels
            if sum(image[j[0], j[1]]) == 255 or sum(image[j[0], j[1]]) == 255*4:
                continue
            image[j[0], j[1]] = [255, 255, 255, 255]
            # label the different groups, considering diagonal connections as valid
            groups, num_groups = obtain_groups(image, 255, s)
            if num_groups != 1:
                image[j[0], j[1]] = [255, 0, 0, 255]
            # Show percentage
            print((j[1] + j[0]*im.size[0])/(im.size[0]*im.size[1]))
            red_p += (sum(image[j[0], j[1]]) == 255*2)

        print(red_p)
        f.write("r_"+image_name+": "+str(red_p)+"\n")

        im = Image.fromarray(image)
        im.show()
        im.save("r_"+image_name)
    f.close()


if __name__ == "__main__":
    if len(sys.argv) == 2:
        main(sys.argv[1])
    else:
        main()

Explanation

Trivial solution. We begin by changing the color of all the white pixels in an image to red. By doing this, it is guaranteed that all the elements (any isle of black pixels) are connected.

Then, we iterate over all the pixels in the image starting from the top left corner and moving right and down. For every red pixel we find we change its color to white. If after this change of color there is still only one element (an element being now any isle of black and red pixels), we leave the pixel white and move on to the next pixel. However, if after the color change from red to white the number of elements is bigger than one, we leave the pixel red and move on to the next pixel.

Update

As it can be seen (and expected) the connections obtained by only using this method show a regular pattern and in some cases, such as in the 6th and 11th images, there are unnecessary red pixels.

This extra red pixels can be easily removed by iterating again over the image and performing the same operations as explained above but from the bottom right corner to the top left corner. This second pass is much faster since the amount of red pixels that have to be checked.

Results

The images which are modified after the second pass are listed twice to show the differences.

Number of red pixels: 18825

Number of red pixels: 334

Number of red pixels: 1352

Number of red pixels: 20214

Number of red pixels: 47268

Number of red pixels: 63 27

Number of red pixels: 17889

Number of red pixels: 259

Number of red pixels: 6746

Number of red pixels: 586

Number of red pixels: 9 1

Number of red pixels: 126

Number of red pixels: 212

Number of red pixels: 683

Score computation:

(1+6746) * (1+126) * (1+259) * (1+17889) * (1+334) * (1+586) * (1+18825) * (1+9) * (1+683) * (1+1352) * (1+20214) * (1+212) * (1+63) * (1+47268) = 1778700054505858720992088713763655500800000 ~ 1.7x10^42

Updated score computation after adding second pass:

(1+ 18825) * (1+ 1352) * (1+ 20214) * (1+ 47268) * (1+ 27) * (1+ 17889) * (1+ 6746) * (1+ 586) * (1+ 1) * (1+ 126) * (1+ 212) * (1+ 334) * (1+259) * (1+683) = 155636254769262638086807762454319856320000 ~ 1.5x10^41