C, 866 783 bytes
Since my code outputs 32 bit ELF executable I can't promise that it will work on everyones setup. It took enough tweaking to get the executable to stop segfaulting on my computer.
For anyone trying to run this:
$ uname --all
Linux 4.4.0-24-generic #43-Ubuntu SMP Wed Jun 8 19:27:37 UTC 2016 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
A Brainfuck program is read from stdin and the compiled ELF is written to stdout.
#define P *(t++)
#define C case
#define B break
char a[30000],b[65535],f,*t=b;*c[100];**d=c;main(g){P=188;t+=4;while((f=getchar())!=-1)switch(f){C'>':P=68;B;C'<':P=76;B;C'+':P=254;P=4;P=36;B;C'-':P=254;P=12;P=36;B;C'.':P=187;t+=4;P=137;P=225;P=186;P=1;t+=3;P=184;P=4;t+=3;P=205;P=128;B;C',':P=187;P=1;t+=3;P=137;P=225;P=186;P=1;t+=3;P=184;P=3;t+=3;P=205;P=128;B;C'[':P=138;P=4;P=36;P=133;P=192;P=15;P=132;t+=4;*d=(int*)t-1;d++;B;C']':P=138;P=4;P=36;P=133;P=192;P=15;P=133;t+=4;d--;g=((char*)(*d+1))-t;*((int*)t-1)=g;**d=-g;B;}P=184;P=1;t+=3;P=187;t+=4;P=205;P=128;*(int*)(b+1)=0x8048054+t-b;long long z[]={282579962709375,0,4295163906,223472812116,0,4297064500,4294967296,577727389698621440,36412867248128,30064779550,140720308490240};write(1,&z,84);write(1,b,t-b);write(1,a,30000);}
Ungolfed
In the ungolfed version of the code, you can get a better idea of what's going on. The character array at the end of the golfed code is an encoding of the ELF and program header in the ungolfed code. This code also show how each Brainfuck instruction is translated into bytecode.
#include <linux/elf.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#define MAX_BIN_LEN 65535
#define MAX_JUMPS 100
unsigned int org = 0x08048000;
unsigned char move_right[] = {0x44}; /*inc esp */
unsigned char move_left[] = {0x4c}; /*dec esp */
unsigned char inc_cell[] = {0xfe,0x04,0x24}; /*inc [esp] */
unsigned char dec_cell[] = {0xfe,0x0c,0x24}; /*dec [esp] */
unsigned char read_char[] = {0xbb,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, /*mov ebx, 0 */
0x89,0xe1, /*mov ecx, esp */
0xba,0x01,0x00,0x00,0x00, /*mov edx, 1 */
0xb8,0x03,0x00,0x00,0x00, /*mov eax, 3 */
0xcd,0x80}; /*int 0x80 */
unsigned char print_char[] = {0xbb,0x01,0x00,0x00,0x00, /*mov ebx, 1 */
0x89,0xe1, /*mov ecx, esp */
0xba,0x01,0x00,0x00,0x00, /*mov edx, 1 */
0xb8,0x04,0x00,0x00,0x00, /*mov eax, 4 */
0xcd,0x80}; /*int 0x80 */
unsigned char loop_start[] = {0x8a,0x04,0x24, /*mov eax, [esp] */
0x85,0xc0, /*test eax, eax */
0x0f,0x84,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00}; /*je int32_t */
unsigned char loop_end[] = {0x8a,0x04,0x24, /*mov eax, [esp] */
0x85,0xc0, /*test eax, eax */
0x0f,0x85,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00}; /*jne int32_t */
unsigned char call_exit[] = {0xb8,0x01,0x00,0x00,0x00, /*mov eax, 1 */
0xbb,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, /*mov ebx, 0 */
0xcd,0x80}; /*int 0x80 */
unsigned char prelude[] = {0xbc,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00}; /*mov esp, int32_t*/
unsigned char tape[100];
int main(){
unsigned char text[MAX_BIN_LEN];
unsigned char *txt_ptr = text;
int32_t *loop_jmps[MAX_JUMPS];
int32_t **loop_jmps_ptr = loop_jmps;
Elf32_Off entry;
entry = org + sizeof(Elf32_Ehdr) + 1 * sizeof(Elf32_Phdr);
memcpy(txt_ptr,prelude,sizeof(prelude));
txt_ptr += sizeof(prelude);
char input;
while((input = getchar()) != -1){
switch(input){
case '>':
memcpy(txt_ptr,move_right,sizeof(move_right));
txt_ptr += sizeof(move_right);
break;
case '<':
memcpy(txt_ptr,move_left,sizeof(move_left));
txt_ptr += sizeof(move_left);
break;
case '+':
memcpy(txt_ptr,inc_cell,sizeof(inc_cell));
txt_ptr += sizeof(inc_cell);
break;
case '-':
memcpy(txt_ptr,dec_cell,sizeof(dec_cell));
txt_ptr += sizeof(dec_cell);
break;
case '.':
memcpy(txt_ptr,print_char,sizeof(print_char));
txt_ptr += sizeof(print_char);
break;
case ',':
memcpy(txt_ptr,read_char,sizeof(read_char));
txt_ptr += sizeof(read_char);
break;
case '[':
memcpy(txt_ptr,loop_start,sizeof(loop_start));
txt_ptr += sizeof(loop_start);
*loop_jmps_ptr = (int32_t*) txt_ptr - 1;
loop_jmps_ptr++;
break;
case ']':
memcpy(txt_ptr,loop_end,sizeof(loop_end));
txt_ptr += sizeof(loop_end);
loop_jmps_ptr--;
int32_t offset = ((unsigned char*) (*loop_jmps_ptr + 1)) - txt_ptr;
*((int32_t*)txt_ptr - 1) = offset;
**loop_jmps_ptr = -offset;
break;
}
}
memcpy(txt_ptr,call_exit,sizeof(call_exit));
txt_ptr += sizeof(call_exit);
*(int32_t*)(text + 1) = entry + (txt_ptr - text);
Elf32_Ehdr ehdr = {
{0x7F,'E','L','F',ELFCLASS32,ELFDATA2LSB,EV_CURRENT,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},
ET_EXEC,
EM_386,
EV_CURRENT,
entry,
sizeof(Elf32_Ehdr),
0,
0,
sizeof(Elf32_Ehdr),
sizeof(Elf32_Phdr),
1,
0,
0,
SHN_UNDEF,
};
Elf32_Phdr phdr = {
PT_LOAD,
0,
org,
org,
sizeof(Elf32_Ehdr) + sizeof(Elf32_Phdr) + (txt_ptr - text),
sizeof(Elf32_Ehdr) + sizeof(Elf32_Phdr) + (txt_ptr - text),
PF_R | PF_X | PF_W,
0x1000,
};
int out = open("a.out",O_CREAT|O_TRUNC|O_WRONLY,S_IRWXU);
write(out,&ehdr,sizeof(Elf32_Ehdr));
write(out,&phdr,sizeof(Elf32_Phdr));
write(out,text,txt_ptr-text);
write(out,tape,sizeof(tape));
close(out);
}
Self Modifying BrainFuck
In order to save on bytes, the tape for my compiler isn't allocated in a .bss section or anything fancy like that. Instead, the tape is 30,000 null bytes written directly after the compiled byte code of the Brainfuck program. Knowing this, and being aware of what byte code is generated by my compiler means that you can generate or modify byte code at runtime. A simple illustration of this 'feature' is a Brainfuck program that sets its own exit value.
<<<<<<+
The program goes off the left edge of the tape into the byte code to the point that the exit code is normally set 0. Incrementing this byte causes the exit code to be set to 1 instead of 0 when the program eventually exits. With persistence, this could be used to do system level programming in Brainfuck.
2Any reason for downvoting? – aditsu quit because SE is EVIL – 2014-01-09T06:44:55.063
Any chance you have any sources for machine code?
This would be my first machine code golfing exercise if you happen to have any resources I could use as an example? – WallyWest – 2014-01-09T10:38:12.930
@Eliseod'Annunzio I don't have any particular resources, but generally you can start by looking into assembly language for your platform of choice, and assemble/disassemble some examples. Google is your friend :) A looong time ago I participated in a couple of machine code golfing competitions, I didn't do very well but I remember we were using the com format for DOS, as it had no extra headers and stuff, just code. Maybe other people can give more links and suggestions.
– aditsu quit because SE is EVIL – 2014-01-09T13:04:36.317