Fill up to duplicate ranges

Question

Let \$L\$ be a list of positive integers with no particular ordering, and which can contain duplicates. Write a program or function which outputs a list of positive integers \$M\$ (whose ordering is unimportant) such that merging \$L\$ and \$M\$ results into the smallest list which can entirely split into identical ranges of integers \$[1..i]\$, where \$i\$ is the biggest element in \$L\$

Example

Let L = [5,3,3,2,7]. The maximum element of L is 7. The most times a specific integer occurs is 2 (3 appears 2 times). Therefore, we need to output the list M that will allow to complete L so that we can construct 2 ranges of integers from 1 to 7.

Therefore, we need to output M = [1,1,2,4,4,5,6,6,7], so that each integer from 1 to 7 appears 2 times.

Inputs and outputs

• Use anything in your language that is similar to lists. The data structure used for the input and the output must be the same.
• The input list will contain only positive integers.
• The input list will not be empty.
• You cannot assume the input list is sorted.
• The ordering in the output list is unimportant.

Test cases

Input                  Output
[1]                    []
[7]                    [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
[1, 1, 1]              []
[1, 8]                 [2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]
[3, 3, 3, 3]           [1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2]
[5, 2, 4, 5, 2]        [1, 1, 3, 3, 4]
[5, 2, 4, 5, 5]        [1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4]
[5, 3, 3, 2, 7]        [1, 1, 2, 4, 4, 5, 6, 6, 7]

Scoring

This is code-golf, so the shortest answer in bytes wins.

Answer 1

Jelly, 9 bytes

Saved 1 byte thanks to Jonathan Allan. The footer calls the main link, sorts the result to match the test cases and formats the output as a grid.

RṀẋLƙ`Ṁœ-

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Alternatives

ṀRẋLƙ`Ṁœ-
RṀẋṢŒɠṀƊœ-
ṀRẋṢŒɠṀƊœ-
LƙɓṀRẋṀœ-⁸
LƙɓRṀẋṀœ-⁸

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Explanation

ṀRẋLƙ`Ṁœ-   Full program. N = Input.
ṀR          Range from 1 to max(N): [1 ... max(N)]
   Lƙ`      Map length over groups formed by identical elements.
  ẋ         Repeat the range T times, for each T in the result of the above.
      Ṁ     Maximum. Basically, get the range repeat max(^^) times.
       œ-   Multiset difference with N.

Answer 2

Perl 6, 37 33 bytes

-4 bytes thanks to nwellnhof!

{^.keys.max+1 xx.values.max∖$_}

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Anonymous code block that takes a Bag and returns a Bag of values.

Explanation:

{                             } # Anonymous code block
 ^.keys.max+1  # Create a range from 1 to the maximum value of the list
              xx  # Multiply the list by:
                .values.max      # The amount of the most common element
                           ∖$_   # Subtract the original Bag

Answer 3

R, 59 49 48 bytes

rep(s<-1:max(L<-scan()),max(y<-table(c(L,s)))-y)

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Answer 4

Python 2, 86 83 80 72 bytes

def f(l):m=range(1,max(l)+1)*max(map(l.count,l));map(m.remove,l);print m

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Answer 5

05AB1E, 17 16 17 bytes

¢Z¹ZLŠŠи{ðý¹vyõ.;

-1 byte thanks to @Mr.Xcoder.
+1 byte after bug-fixing the work-around..

Maybe I completely look past it, but does 05AB1E even have a remove all elements of list b from list a.. (EDIT: It indeed doesn't..) I know how to remove all multiple times, but not once each.. (multiset difference)

Can definitely be golfed. Not really happy with it, tbh.. Will see if I can golf it some more before adding an explanation. EDIT: Added an explanation..

Try it online or verify all test cases.

Explanation:

¢         # Get the occurrences for each item in the (implicit) input-List
          #  i.e. [5,3,3,2,7] → [1,2,2,1,1]
 Z        # And get the maximum
          #  i.e. [1,2,2,1,1] → 2
¹Z        # Also get the maximum from the input-list itself
          #  i.e. [5,3,3,2,7] → 7
  L       # And create a list in the range [1, max]
          #  i.e. 7 → [1,2,3,4,5,6,7]
ŠŠ        # Two triple-swaps so the stack order becomes:
          # trash we don't need; ranged list; occurrence max
  и       # Repeat the ranged list the occurence amount of times
          #  i.e. [1,2,3,4,5,6,7] and 2 → [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,1,2,3,4,5,6,7]

          #Now the work-around bit because 05AB1E lacks a builtin for multiset difference..
{         # Sort the list
          #  i.e. [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,1,2,3,4,5,6,7] → [1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7]
 ðý       # Join this list by spaces
          #  i.e. [1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7] → '1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 7 7'
   ¹v     # Loop `y` over the input-List:
     yõ.; # Replace every first occurrence of `y` with an empty string
          #  i.e. '1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 7 7' and 3 → '1 1 2 2  3 4 4 5 5 6 6 7 7'

Answer 6

R, 59 55 bytes

Using the vecsets package we can drop the answer length some. With gl we can get the ordered output. This doesn't work in TIO. Following @digEmAll's style of (rather clever) solution without a function definition, this can be considered a 55 byte solution.

vecsets::vsetdiff(c(gl(m<-max(L<-scan()),sum(L==m))),L)

f=function(x){scan<-function()x
vecsets::vsetdiff(c(gl(m<-max(L<-scan()),sum(L==m))),L)
}

f(c(1))                # expected: integer(0)
f(c(7))                # expected: c(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6)
f(c(1, 1, 1))          # expected: integer(0)
f(c(1, 8))             # expected: c(2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7)
f(c(3, 3, 3, 3))       # expected: c(1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2)
f(c(5, 2, 4, 5, 2))    # expected: c(1, 1, 3, 3, 4)
f(c(5, 2, 4, 5, 5))    # expected: c(1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4)

Answer 7

JavaScript (ES6), 98 bytes

This turned out to be pretty hard to golf below 100 bytes. There may be a better approach.

a=>(a.map(o=M=m=n=>m=(c=o[M=n<M?M:n,n]=-~o[n])<m?m:c),g=k=>k?o[k]^m?[...g(k,o(k)),k]:g(k-1):[])(M)

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How?

We first walk through the input array a[] to gather the following data:

• M = highest element found in the input array
• m = highest number of occurrences of the same element
• o[n] = number of occurrences of n

Note that o is primarily defined as a function, but the underlying object is also used to store the number of occurrences.

a.map(                      // a[] = input array()
  o =                       // o = callback function of map()
  M = m =                   // initialize m and M to non-numeric values
  n =>                      // for each value n in a[]:
    m = (                   //   this code block will eventually update m
      c = o[                //     c = updated value of o[n]
        M = n < M ? M : n,  //     update M to max(M, n)
        n                   //     actual index into o[]
      ] = -~o[n]            //     increment o[n]
    ) < m ?                 //   if o[n] is less than m:
      m                     //     let m unchanged
    :                       //   else:
      c                     //     set it to c
)                           // end of map()

We then use the recursive function g() to build the output.

(g = k =>                   // k = current value
  k ?                       // if k is not equal to 0:
    o[k] ^ m ?              //   if o[k] is not equal to m:
      [ ...g(k, o(k)),      //     increment o[k] and do a recursive call with k unchanged
        k ]                 //     append k to the output
    :                       //   else:
      g(k - 1)              //     do a recursive call with k - 1
  :                         // else:
    []                      //   stop recursion
)(M)                        // initial call to g() with k = M

Answer 8

Brachylog, 18 17 bytes

⌉⟦₁;Ij₎R⊇p?;.cpR∧

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Saved 1 byte thanks to @Kroppeb.

Explanation

⌉                  Take the largest element in the Input
 ⟦₁                 Construct the range [1, …, largest element in the Input]
   ;Ij₎R            Juxtapose that range to itself I times, I being unknown; 
                       call the result R
       R⊇p?         The Input must be an ordered subset of R, up to a permutation
          ?;.c      Concatenate the Input and the Output 
                       (the Output being unknown at this point)
              pR    This concatenation must result in R, up to a permutation
                ∧   (Find a fitting value for the Output that verifies all of this)

Answer 9

Haskell, 72 bytes

import Data.List
f l=(last(sortOn(0<$)$group$sort l)>>[1..maximum l])\\l

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            sort l      -- sort input list
       group            -- group identical elements
   sortOn(0<$)          -- sort by length
 last                   -- take the last element, i.e. the list
                        -- of the most common element
      >>[1..maximum l]  -- replace each of it's elements
                        -- with the list [1..maximum l]
  \\l                   -- remove elements of the input list

Answer 10

Java 10, 186 bytes

import java.util.*;L->{Integer m=0,f=0,t;for(int i:L){m=i>m?i:m;f=(t=Collections.frequency(L,i))>f?t:f;}var r=new Stack();for(;m>0;m--)for(t=f;t-->0;)if(!L.remove(m))r.add(m);return r;}

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Explanation:

import java.util.*;   // Required import for Collections and Stack
L->{                  // Method with Integer-list as both parameter and return-type
  Integer m=0,        //  Max, starting at 0
          f=0,        //  Max frequency, starting at 0
          t;          //  Temp integer
  for(int i:L){       //  Loop over the input-List
    m=i>m?i:m;        //   If the current item is larger than the max, set it as new max
    f=(t=Collections.frequency(L,i))>f?t:f;}
                      //   If the current frequency is larger than the max freq, set it as new max
  var r=new Stack();  //  Result-List
  for(;m>0;m--)       //  Loop the maximum in the range [m,0)
    for(t=f;t-->0;)   //   Inner loop the frequency amount of times
      if(!L.remove(m))//    Remove `m` from the input list
                      //    If we were unable to remove it:
        r.add(m);     //     Add it to the result-List
  return r;}          //  Return the result-List

Answer 11

Husk, 12 bytes

Saved 1 byte thanks to BWO.

S-§*oḣ▲(▲Ṡm#

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Answer 12

MATL, 24 21 bytes

X>:GS&Y'X>yGhS&Y'q-Y"

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Answer 13

MATL, 14 bytes

Input is a column vector, with ; as separator.

llXQtn:yX>b-Y"

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Explanation

Consider input [5; 2; 4; 5; 5] as an example.

llXQ     % Implicit input. Accumarray with sum. This counts occurrences
         % of each number, filling with zeros for numbers not present
         % STACK: [0; 1; 0; 1; 3]
tn:      % Duplicate, number of elements, range
         % STACK: [0; 1; 0; 1; 3], [1 2 3 4 5]
yX>      % Duplicate from below, maximum of array
         % STACK: [0; 1; 0; 1; 3], [1 2 3 4 5], 3 
b        % Bubble up
         % STACK: [1 2 3 4 5], 3, [0; 1; 0; 1; 3] 
-        % Subtract, element-wise
         % STACK: [1 2 3 4 5], [3; 2; 3; 2; 0] 
Y"       % Repelem (run-length decode). Implicit display
         % STACK: [1 1 1 2 2 3 3 3 4 4]

Answer 14

Pyth, 13 bytes

.-*SeSQeSlM.g

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Answer 15

Charcoal, 19 bytes

Ｆ…·¹⌈θＥ⁻⌈Ｅθ№θκ№θιＩι

Try it online! Link is to verbose version of code. Would have been 16 bytes if the integers had been non-negative instead of positive. Explanation:

     θ              First input
    ⌈               Maximum
 …·¹                Inclusive range starting at 1
Ｆ                   Loop over range
          θ         First input
         Ｅ          Loop over values
            θ       First input
             κ      Inner loop value
           №        Count occurrences
        ⌈           Maximum
               θ    First input
                ι   Outer loop value
              №     Count occurrences
       ⁻            Subtract
      Ｅ             Map over implicit range
                  ι Current value
                 Ｉ  Cast to string
                    Implicitly print on separate lines

Answer 16

APL (Dyalog Classic), 18 17 bytes

∊{⊂⍳⌈/⍵}~¨∘↓∘⍉⊣¨⌸

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uses ⎕io←1

Answer 17

Prolog (SWI), 211 bytes

It's been a while since I programmed in Prolog. Can definitely be golfed further, but I have an exam to study for hahaha.

Code

f(L,X):-max_list(L,M),f(L,M,[],X,M).
f([],0,_,[],_).
f(L,0,_,A,M):-f(L,M,[],A,M).
f([],I,H,[I|A],M):-N is I-1,f(H,N,[],A,M).
f([I|R],I,H,A,M):-append(H,R,S),f(S,I,[],[I|A],M).
f([H|R],I,G,A,M):-f(R,I,[H|G],A,M).

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Ungolfed version

f(List, Result) :- 
    max_list(List, MaxIndex), 
    f(List, MaxIndex, [], Result, MaxIndex).

f([], 0, _, [], _).

f(List, 0, _, Acc, MaxIndex) :- 
    f(List, MaxIndex, [], Acc, MaxIndex).

f([], Index, History, [Index | Acc], MaxIndex) :- 
    NewIndex is Index - 1, f(History, NewIndex, [], Acc, MaxIndex).

f([Index | Remaining], Index, History, Acc, MaxIndex) :-
    append(History, Remaining, Result),
    f(Result, Index, [], [Index | Acc], MaxIndex).

f([Head | Remaining], Index, History, Acc, MaxIndex) :- 
    f(Remaining, Index, [Head | History], Acc, MaxIndex).

Answer 18

Clojure, 94 bytes

#(for[F[(frequencies %)]i(range 1(+(apply max %)1))_(range(-(apply max(vals F))(or(F i)0)))]i)

Answer 19

C++, 234 bytes

#include<vector>
#include<map>
using X=std::vector<int>;
X f(X x){int q,z;q=z=0;std::map<int,int>y;X o;
for(auto i:x)++y[i];for(auto i:y)q=q>i.second?q:i.second;
for(;++z<=y.rbegin()->first;)for(;y[z]++<q;)o.push_back(z);return o;}

(Newlines in the function body are for readability).

The function takes and returns a vector of ints. It utilizes std::map for finding the max element of the input list and also for counting the occurrences of each distinct element.

Explanation:

// necessary includes. Note that each of these is longer than whole Jelly program!
#include <vector>
#include <map>

// this type occurs three times in the code
using X = std::vector<int>;

// The function
X f (X x)
{
   // initialize some variables
   int q, z; // q will hold the max count
   q = z = 0;
   std::map <int, int> y; // The map for sorting
   X o; // The output vector

   // Populate the map, effectively finding the max element and counts for all of them
   for (auto i : x)
       ++y[i];

   // find the max count
   for (auto i : y)
       q = q > i.second ? q : i.second;

   // Populate the output vector

   // Iterate all possible values from 1 to the max element (which is the key at y.rbegin ())
   // Note that z was initialized at 0, so we preincrement it when checking the condition
   for (; ++z <= y.rbegin ()->first;)
       // for each possible value, append the necessary quantity of it to the output
       for(; y[z]++ < q;)
           o.push_back (z);

   return o;
}

Answer 20

Gaia, 12 bytes

::⌉┅¤:C¦⌉&¤D

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Answer 21

C (gcc), 177 bytes

Input and output are done through stdin and stdout. Both arrays are capped at 2^15 elements, but they could be as large as 2^99 elements.

f(j){int n=0,m=0,i=0,a[1<<15],b[1<<15]={0};for(;scanf("%i",&a[i])>0;i++)j=a[i],m=j>m?j:m,b[j-1]++;for(i=m;i--;)n=b[i]>n?b[i]:n;for(i=m;i--;)for(j=n-b[i];j--;)printf("%i ",i+1);}

With some formatting:

f(j){
  int n=0, m=0, i=0, a[1<<15], b[1<<15]={0};
  for(;scanf("%i",&a[i])>0;i++) j=a[i], m=j>m?j:m, b[j-1]++;
  for(i=m;i--;) n=b[i]>n?b[i]:n;
  for(i=m;i--;) for(j=n-b[i];j--;) printf("%i ",i+1);
}

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