Write a Number as a Fibonacci Sum

Question

Let us define the Fibonacci sequence as

F(1) = 1

F(2) = 2

F(n) = F(n - 2) + F(n - 1)

So we have the infinite sequence 1,2,3,5,8,13,... It is well known that any positive integer can be written as a sum of some Fibonacci numbers. The only caveat is that this summation might not be unique. There is always at least one way to write a number as a sum of Fibonacci numbers but there may be many many more.

Your challenge is to write a complete program which using stdin takes in a positive integer between one and one million inclusive, and then outputs using stdout all possible summations of Fibonacci numbers which sum up to the input. In a summation, the Fibonacci numbers must not repeat and that includes the number 1. In any summation, if 1 is present, it must be present only once because in my definition of the sequence above 1 appears only once. Summations with only term are valid so if the input number is a Fibonacci number itself, then the number itself is a valid summation and must be printed. If multiple sums, then between any two sums there must be a blank line to easily distinguished between them.

Here are some samples.

./myfib 1
1

There is only one such sum and it has only term so that's all that is printed.

./myfib 2
2

Note here that 1+1 is not a valid sum because 1 repeats.

./myfib 3
1+2

3

Two sums and they are both printed with a blank line in between.

./myfib 10
2+8

2+3+5

./myfib 100
3+8+89

1+2+8+89

3+8+34+55

1+2+3+5+89

1+2+8+34+55

3+8+13+21+55

1+2+3+5+34+55

1+2+8+13+21+55

1+2+3+5+13+21+55

True code-golf. The shortest code in any language wins. Please post your code with some test cases (besides the one I gave above). In the case of ties, I pick the one with the highest upvotes after waiting at least for two weeks and probably longer. So the community please feel free to upvote any solutions you like. The cleverness/beauty of the code matters much more than who posts first.

Happy coding!

Answer 1

GolfScript, 54 characters

~1.{3$)<}{.@+}/<[[]]{{+}+1$%+}@/\{~)+{+}*!}+,{'+'*n.}/

Test it online or have a look at the examples:

> 54
2+5+13+34

> 55
1+2+5+13+34

3+5+13+34

8+13+34

21+34

55

Answer 2

Ruby, 118 114 (array output) or 138 134 (correct output)

i=gets.to_i
a=[x=y=1]
a+=[y=x+x=y]until y>i
p (1..a.size).flat_map{|n|a.combination(n).select{|o|o.inject(:+)==i}}

Sample run:

c:\a\ruby>fibadd
100
[[3, 8, 89], [1, 2, 8, 89], [3, 8, 34, 55], [1, 2, 3, 5, 89], [1, 2, 8, 34, 55], [3, 8, 13, 21, 55], [1, 2, 3, 5, 34, 55], [1, 2, 8, 13, 21, 55], [1, 2, 3, 5, 13, 21, 55]]

Change gets to $*[0] if you want command line arguments (>fibadd 100), +1 character though.

With the correct output:

i=gets.to_i
a=[x=y=1]
a+=[y=x+x=y]until y>i
$><<(1..a.size).flat_map{|n|a.combination(n).select{|o|o.inject(:+)==i}}.map{|o|o*?+}*'

'

Sample runs:

c:\a\ruby>fibadd
100
3+8+89

1+2+8+89

3+8+34+55

1+2+3+5+89

1+2+8+34+55

3+8+13+21+55

1+2+3+5+34+55

1+2+8+13+21+55

1+2+3+5+13+21+55
c:\a\ruby>fibadd
1000
13+987

5+8+987

13+377+610

2+3+8+987

5+8+377+610

13+144+233+610

2+3+8+377+610

5+8+144+233+610

13+55+89+233+610

2+3+8+144+233+610

5+8+55+89+233+610

13+21+34+89+233+610

2+3+8+55+89+233+610

5+8+21+34+89+233+610

2+3+8+21+34+89+233+610
c:\a\ruby>obfcaps
12804
2+5+21+233+1597+10946

2+5+8+13+233+1597+10946

2+5+21+89+144+1597+10946

2+5+21+233+610+987+10946

2+5+21+233+1597+4181+6765

2+5+8+13+89+144+1597+10946

2+5+8+13+233+610+987+10946

2+5+8+13+233+1597+4181+6765

2+5+21+34+55+144+1597+10946

2+5+21+89+144+610+987+10946

2+5+21+89+144+1597+4181+6765

2+5+21+233+610+987+4181+6765

2+5+8+13+34+55+144+1597+10946

2+5+8+13+89+144+610+987+10946

2+5+8+13+89+144+1597+4181+6765

2+5+8+13+233+610+987+4181+6765

2+5+21+34+55+144+610+987+10946

2+5+21+34+55+144+1597+4181+6765

2+5+21+89+144+233+377+987+10946

2+5+21+89+144+610+987+4181+6765

2+5+21+233+610+987+1597+2584+6765

2+5+8+13+34+55+144+610+987+10946

2+5+8+13+34+55+144+1597+4181+6765

2+5+8+13+89+144+233+377+987+10946

2+5+8+13+89+144+610+987+4181+6765

2+5+8+13+233+610+987+1597+2584+6765

2+5+21+34+55+144+233+377+987+10946

2+5+21+34+55+144+610+987+4181+6765

2+5+21+89+144+233+377+987+4181+6765

2+5+21+89+144+610+987+1597+2584+6765

2+5+8+13+34+55+144+233+377+987+10946

2+5+8+13+34+55+144+610+987+4181+6765

2+5+8+13+89+144+233+377+987+4181+6765

2+5+8+13+89+144+610+987+1597+2584+6765

2+5+21+34+55+144+233+377+987+4181+6765

2+5+21+34+55+144+610+987+1597+2584+6765

2+5+21+89+144+233+377+987+1597+2584+6765

2+5+8+13+34+55+144+233+377+987+4181+6765

2+5+8+13+34+55+144+610+987+1597+2584+6765

2+5+8+13+89+144+233+377+987+1597+2584+6765

2+5+21+34+55+144+233+377+987+1597+2584+6765

2+5+8+13+34+55+144+233+377+987+1597+2584+6765

That last one (12804) only took about 3 seconds!

Answer 3

Mathematica, 89 85 chars

Shortened to 85 chars thanks to David Carraher.

i=Input[];#~Row~"+"&/@Select[If[#>i,Subsets@{##},#0[#+#2,##]]&[2,1],Tr@#==i&]//Column

Mathematica has a built-in function Fibonacci, but I don't want to use it.

Answer 4

Python 206 181 characters

import itertools as a
i,j,v,y=1,2,[],input()
while i<1000000:v,i,j=v+[i],j,i+j
for t in range(len(v)+1):
 for s in a.combinations(v,t):
  if sum(s)==y:print "+".join(map(str,s))+"\n"

Sample Run:

25
1+3+21

1+3+8+13

1000
13+987

5+8+987

13+377+610

2+3+8+987

5+8+377+610

13+144+233+610

2+3+8+377+610

5+8+144+233+610

13+55+89+233+610

2+3+8+144+233+610

5+8+55+89+233+610

13+21+34+89+233+610

2+3+8+55+89+233+610

5+8+21+34+89+233+610

2+3+8+21+34+89+233+610

Answer 5

C#, 376 bytes

class A{IEnumerable<int>B(int a,int b){yield return a+b;foreach(var c in B(b,a+b))yield return c;}void C(int n){foreach(var j in B(0,1).Take(n).Aggregate(new[]{Enumerable.Empty<int>()}.AsEnumerable(),(a,b)=>a.Concat(a.Select(x=>x.Concat(new[]b})))).Where(s=>s.Sum()==n))Console.WriteLine(string.Join("+",j));}static void Main(){new A().C(int.Parse(Console.ReadLine()));}}

Ungolfed:

class A
{
    IEnumerable<int>B(int a,int b){yield return a+b;foreach(var c in B(b,a+b))yield return c;}
    void C(int n){foreach(var j in B(0,1).Take(n).Aggregate(new[]{Enumerable.Empty<int>()}.AsEnumerable(),(a,b)=>a.Concat(a.Select(x=>x.Concat(new[]{b})))).Where(s=>s.Sum()==n))Console.WriteLine(string.Join("+",j));}
    static void Main(){new A().C(int.Parse(Console.ReadLine()));}
}

The method B returns an IEnumerable that represents the entire (infinite) Fibonacci set. The second method, given a number n, looks at the first n Fibonacci numbers (huge overkill here), finds all possible subsets (the power set), and then filters down to subsets whose sum is exactly n, and then prints.

Answer 6

Scala, 171

def f(h:Int,n:Int):Stream[Int]=h#::f(n,h+n)
val x=readInt;(1 to x).flatMap(y=>f(1,2).takeWhile(_<=x).combinations(y).filter(_.sum==x)).foreach(z=>println(z.mkString("+")))

Answer 7

APL (75)

I←⎕⋄{⎕←⎕TC[2],1↓,'+',⍪⍵}¨S/⍨I=+/¨S←/∘F¨↓⍉(N⍴2)⊤⍳2*N←⍴F←{⍵,+/¯2↑⍵}⍣{I<⊃⌽⍺}⍳2

Less competitive than I'd like, mostly because of the output format.

Output:

⎕:
      100

 3 + 8 + 89 

 3 + 8 + 34 + 55 

 3 + 8 + 13 + 21 + 55 

 1 + 2 + 8 + 89 

 1 + 2 + 8 + 34 + 55 

 1 + 2 + 8 + 13 + 21 + 55 

 1 + 2 + 3 + 5 + 89 

 1 + 2 + 3 + 5 + 34 + 55 

 1 + 2 + 3 + 5 + 13 + 21 + 55 

Explanation:

• I←⎕: read input, store in I.
• ⍳2: starting with the list 1 2,
• {⍵,+/¯2↑⍵}: add the sum of the last two elements to the list,
• ⍣{I<⊃⌽⍺}: until I is smaller than the last element of the list.
• F←: store in F (these are the fibonacci numbers from 1 to I).
• N←⍴F: store the amount of fibonacci numbers in N.
• ↓⍉(N⍴2)⊤⍳2*N: get the numbers from 1 to 2^N, as bits.
• S←/∘F¨: use each of these as a bitmask on F, store in S.
• I=+/¨S: for each sub-list in S, see if the sum of it is equal to I.
• S/⍨: select these from S. (Now we have all lists of fibonacci numbers that sum to I.)
• {...}¨: for each of these:
  • ,'+',⍪⍵: add a + in front of each number,
  • 1↓: take the first + back off,
  • ⎕TC[2]: add an extra newline,
  • ⎕←: and output.

Answer 8

Haskell - 127

After many iterations I ended up with the following code:

f=1:scanl(+)2f
main=getLine>>=putStr.a f "".read
a(f:g)s n|n==f=s++show f++"\n\n"|n<f=""|n>f=a g(s++show f++"+")(n-f)++a g s n

I could have saved maybe one character by cheating and adding an extra "0+" in front of every output line.

I want to share another version (length 143) I came up with while trying to golf the previous solution. I've never abused operators and tuples quite this much before:

f=1:scanl(+)2f
main=getLine>>=(\x->putStr$f€("",read x))
o%p=o++show p;(f:g)€t@(s,n)|n==f=s%f++"\n\n"|n<f=""|n>f=g€(s%f++"+",n-f)++g€t

Test cases, 256:

256
2+3+5+13+34+55+144

2+3+5+13+89+144

2+3+5+13+233

2+8+13+34+55+144

2+8+13+89+144

2+8+13+233

2+21+34+55+144

2+21+89+144

2+21+233

and 1000:

1000
2+3+8+21+34+89+233+610

2+3+8+55+89+233+610

2+3+8+144+233+610

2+3+8+377+610

2+3+8+987

5+8+21+34+89+233+610

5+8+55+89+233+610

5+8+144+233+610

5+8+377+610

5+8+987

13+21+34+89+233+610

13+55+89+233+610

13+144+233+610

13+377+610

13+987

Some efficiency data since someone had this stuff:

% echo "12804" | time ./fibsum-golf > /dev/null
./fibsum-golf > /dev/null  0.09s user 0.00s system 96% cpu 0.100 total
% echo "128040" | time ./fibsum-golf > /dev/null
./fibsum-golf > /dev/null  2.60s user 0.01s system 99% cpu 2.609 total

Answer 9

05AB1E, 19 bytes (Non-competing)

ÅFævy©O¹Qi®'+ý}})ê»

Try it online!

Calculates all possible sums for any given n. Example output for 1000:

1+1+3+8+144+233+610
1+1+3+8+21+34+89+233+610
1+1+3+8+377+610
1+1+3+8+55+89+233+610
1+1+3+8+987
13+144+233+610
13+21+34+89+233+610
13+377+610
13+55+89+233+610
13+987
2+3+8+144+233+610
2+3+8+21+34+89+233+610
2+3+8+377+610
2+3+8+55+89+233+610
2+3+8+987
5+8+144+233+610
5+8+21+34+89+233+610
5+8+377+610
5+8+55+89+233+610
5+8+987