Convert to Roman Numeral!

Question

Your task is to convert a given positive integer from Arabic numeral to Roman numeral.

Things get difficult when you count to 4000.

The romans did this by adding a line above a symbol to multiply that symbol by 1 000. However, overlines aren't exactly displayable in ASCII. Also, there are double overlines to multiply a symbol by 1 000 000, and then triple overline to multiply a symbol by 1 000 000 000, etc...

Therefore, I decided to use parentheses to replace overlines.

The symbols can be individually placed in parentheses. For example, both (VI) and (V)(I) are valid representations of 6 000. (V)M is also a valid representation of 6000.

(I) is a valid way to represent 1 000.

Testcases

Input: 1
Output: I
Input: 2
Output: II
Input: 3
Output: III
Input: 4
Output: IV
Input: 15
Output: XV
Input: 40
Output: XL
Input: 60
Output: LX
Input: 67
Output: LXVII
Input: 400
Output: CD
Input: 666
Output: DCLXVI
Input: 3000
Output: MMM
Input: 3999
Output: MMMCMXCIX
Input: 4000
Output: M(V)
Input: 4999
Output: M(V)CMXCIX
Input: 6000
Output: (VI)
Input: 6000000
Output: ((VI))
Input: 6006000
Output: ((VI)VI)
Input: 6666666666
Output: (((VI)DCLXVI)DCLXVI)DCLXVI

Scoring

This is code-golf. Shortest code in bytes win.

Answer 1

Mathematica, 67 bytes

Fold["("<>#<>")"<>#2&,RomanNumeral[#~IntegerDigits~1000]/."N"->""]&

Avoids all trouble with M by converting the input to base 1000 and converting each digit separately with RomanNumeral. Then we fold them up by inserting (...) from the left.

Unfortunately, Mathematica represents zeros as N so we need to get rid of those.

Answer 2

JavaScript (ES6), 136 bytes

f=n=>n<4e3?"M1000CM900D500CD400C100XC90L50XL40X10IX9V5IV4I1".replace(/(\D+)(\d+)/g,(_,r,d)=>r.repeat(n/d,n%=d)):`(${f(n/1e3)})`+f(n%1e3)

For numbers under 4000, repeats each Roman "letter" as many times as possible, using the list of Roman "letters" and their decimal values. Otherwise recursively builds up the answer from the division and modulo with 1000. Fortunately repeat truncates so I don't have to do it myself.

Answer 3

Common Lisp, 108

(defun p(n)(if(> n 0)(if(< n 4000)(format()"~@R"n)(format()"(~A)~@[~A~]"(p(floor n 1000))(p(mod n 1000))))))

Ungolfed

(defun p(n)
  (if (> n 0)
      (if (< n 4000)

          ;; Built-in Roman formatter (between 1 and 3999)
          (format () "~@R" n)

          ;; Divide N by 1000, as 1000*Q + R.
          ;; First print (p Q) in parentheses (recursively)
          ;; Then, if it is not NIL, the remainder R.
          (format () "(~A)~@[~A~]"
                  (p (floor n 1000))
                  (p (mod n 1000))))))

Tests

Two tests give different outputs than the ones from the question:

(loop for (in out) in '((1 "I")
                        (2 "II")
                        (3 "III")
                        (4 "IV")
                        (15 "XV")
                        (40 "XL")
                        (60 "LX")
                        (67 "LXVII")
                        (400 "CD")
                        (666 "DCLXVI")
                        (3000 "MMM")
                        (3999 "MMMCMXCIX")
                        (4000 "M(V)")
                        (4999 "M(V)CMXCIX")
                        (6000 "(VI)")
                        (6000000 "((VI))")
                        (6006000 "((VI)VI)")
                        (6666666666 "(((VI)DCLXVI)DCLXVI)DCLXVI"))
   for computed = (p in)
   unless (string= out computed)
   collect (list in out computed))

=> ((4000 "M(V)" "(IV)")
    (4999 "M(V)CMXCIX" "(IV)CMXCIX"))

Answer 4

R, 134

m=1000;x=scan();while(x[1]>=m)x=c(floor(x[1]/m),x[1]%%m,x[-1]);cat(rep("(",length(x)),sep="");cat(as.character(as.roman(x)),sep=")")

It's pretty much not the best option, but I think the idea should go pretty similar to this.

Answer 5

TCL 134 bytes

proc f r {
set map {M 1000+ CM 900+ D 500+ CD 400+ C 100+ XC 90+ L 50+ XL 40+ X 10+ IX 9+ V 5+ IV 4+ I 1+}
expr [string map $map $r]0}

Try it here: https://rextester.com/BJC92885

Answer 6

Ruby, 137 134 130 bytes

Recursive function that returns the string. I'm trying to golf down the numeral encodings a bit more if possible, but I'm not sure how.

Whoops, it's practically a direct port of @Neil's ES6 answer now.

f=->x{(x<t=1e3)?"CM900D500CD400C100XC90L50XL40X10IX9V5IV4I1".gsub(/(\D+)(\d+)/){v=$2.to_i;s=x/v;x%=v;$1*s}:"(#{f[x/t]})#{f[x%t]}"}

Answer 7

Ruby, 185 161 144 bytes

r=->i{i>(t=1e3)? "(#{r[i/t]})"+r[i%t]:(s=?I*i;"IVXXLCCDM".scan(/(.)(.)(.)/){|x,y,z|{x*5=>y,x*4=>x+y,y*2=>z,y+x+y=>x+z}.map{|x,y|s.gsub!x,y}};s)}

Over a year after the original post, I think I learned something about golfing.

_{Thank you Value Ink for your valuable comments.}

Answer 8

Python, 188 194

-6 bytes from getting rid of some whitespace

This challenge brought me back to when I was first learning to program...

def f(x,s=zip("M CM D CD C XC L XL X IX V IV I".split(),[1e3,900,500,400,100,90,50,40,10,9,5,4,1])):
 r=""if x<4e3else"("+f(x/1e3)+")";x%=1e3
 for a,b in s:
    while x>=b:r+=a;x-=b
 return r

It might not be the shortest solution, but I had fun golfing this problem.

Try it out!