Basic Calculator

Question

You must write a program to evaluate a string that would be entered into a calculator.

The program must accept input and output the correct answer. For languages that do not have standard input/output functions, you may assume the functions readLine and print.

Requirements

• Does not use any kind of "eval" functions
• Can handle floating point and negative numbers
• Supports at least the +, -, *, and / operators
• Can handle input containing one or more spaces between the operators and numbers
• Evaluates the expression from left to right

The program that is the shortest wins. In the event of a tie, the program that was submitted first wins.

You can assume that the input is valid and follows the correct format

Test Cases

Input

-4 + 5

Output

1

---

Input

-7.5 / 2.5

Output

-3

---

Input

-2 + 6 / 2 * 8 - 1 / 2.5 - 18

Output

-12

Answer 1

Ruby - 74 69 67 65 characters

a=0
("+ "+$<.read).split.each_slice 2{|b,c|a=a.send b,c.to_f}
p a

Answer 2

Befunge - 37 x 5 = 185 38 x 3 = 114 characters

This is limited to integer numbers as Befunge has no floating point support.

&v      /& _ #`&# "-"$# -#<          v
 >~:0`!#v_:" "`! #v_:","`#^_"*"`#v_&*>
 ^      ># $ .# @#<              >&+ 

Explanation

The biggest distinguishing feature of Befunge is that instead of being a linear set of instructions like most languages; it is a 2d grid of single character instructions, where control can flow in any direction.

The first & simply inputs the first number. The v and > then redirect control to the main path on the second row.

~:0`!#v_

This inputs a character (~), duplicates it (:), pushes zero onto the stack (0), pops the top two elements and determines if the second is greater than the first (` I'm surprised you can't use ``` to get code backticks.), inverts the truthiness of the top element (!), then goes right if it is zero, down otherwise (#v_).

Basically it's checking whether the input is -1 representing no more input.

># $ .# @

If the input was -1 then the duplicated input value is discarded ($), the top of the stack is output as an integer (.) and the program is halted (@).

:" "`! #v_

Otherwise a similar process is repeated to determine if the input is less than or equal to a space. If it is a space then control goes down, otherwise control heads right.

^      ># $ .# @#<

If it is a space then it's redirected left (<); the program halt (@), output (.) and right redirection (>) are all skipped using #; but the discard is executed to remove the space from the stack. Finally it's redirected up to begin the next execution (^).

:","`#^_

If it wasn't a space the same process is used to split on if it is in [+, *] or in [-, \] going right and up respectively.

 >~                         "*"`#v_&*>
 ^                               >&+

For [+, *] it is again split to determine whether it is a + or a *. If + it is directed down then the next number is input (&) and they are added (+), the control then wraps around and is redirected up to the main path for the next character. If * then it inputs (&) and multiplies (*) then directly wraps around.

/& _ #`&# "-"$# -#<

For [-, \] it starts on the right heading left. The #'s skip the character after them so the initial path is "-"`_ which simply determines if it is - or /. If it is / then it continues left to input (&) and divide (/). If it is - then it heads right, again skipping characters so that it executes &"-"$- resulting in the number being input (&) the - character being pushed onto the stack then discarded ("-"$) and then the subtraction being calculated (-). The control is then redirected back to the main path.

Answer 3

Python 3, 105 bytes

Manages the four basic operations, but it only costs 5 characters each to add ^ or %.

f=float
x,*l=input().split()
while l:o,y,*l=l;x,y=f(x),f(y);x=[x+y,x-y,x*y,x/y]['+-*/'.find(o)]
print(x)

Precedence of operations is left to right.

Answer 4

Tcl 8.6, 57 48 chars.

• Input from arguments:

  lm o\ b [las $argv a] {set a [exp $a$o$b]};pu $a
  

• From Stdin (64 53)

  lm o\ b [las [ge stdin] a] {set a [exp $a$o$b]};pu $a
  

You have to use the interactive shell for both solutions.

I treat the input as list (Tcl uses spaces as delimiter) take the first element and assign it to a, then I walk over the rest, taking 2 elements each time, the operator and a second number, apply the operator on $a and $b and assign the result to a. At the end the result is in a.

Answer 5

Python (156)

from operator import*
while 1:
 l=raw_input().split();f=float
 while len(l)>2:l[:3]=({'*':mul,'/':div,'+':add,'-':sub}[l[1]](f(l[0]),f(l[2])),)
 print l[0]

Answer 6

C - 168 126 characters

main(c){float a,b;scanf("%f",&a);while(scanf("%s%f",&c,&b)!=-1)c=='+'?a+=b:c=='-'?(a-=b):c=='*'?(a*=b):(a/=b);printf("%f",a);}

Answer 7

Haskell: 124 114 characters

j[o]=o
j(u:m:b:o)=j$show((case m of{"+"->(+);"-"->(-);"*"->(*);"/"->(/)})(read u)(read b)):o
main=interact$j.words

A rather straight-forward answer, using pattern matching and a simple case statement for the heavy lifting. Usage:

> ./calc <<< "123 - 12 + -12 / 12.124 * 9.99 - 1"
80.57456285054437

Answer 8

C: 111 108 characters

main(c){float a,b;for(scanf("%f ",&a);~scanf("%c%f ",&c,&b);a=c^43?c%5?c%2?a/b:a*b:a-b:a+b);printf("%f",a);}

It fulfills all the requirements, usage:

> ./calc <<< "-43 - 56 + 14.123 / -13.22"
6.420348

Answer 9

Python - 308

import sys;i=sys.argv[1].split();o=[];s=[];a=o.append;b=s.pop;c=s.append
for t in i:
 if t in"+-*/":
  if s!=[]:a(b())
  c(t)
 else:a(t)
if s!=[]:a(b())
for t in o:
 if t=="+":c(b()+b())
 elif t=="-":m=b();c(b()-m)
 elif t=="*":c(b()*b())
 elif t=="/":m=b();c(b()/m)
 else:c(float(t))
print(b())

Readable version:

# Infix expression calc

import sys

# Shunting-yard algorithm
input = sys.argv[1].split()
output = []
stack = []

for tkn in input:
    if tkn in "+-*/":
        while stack != []:
            output.append(stack.pop())
        stack.append(tkn)
    else:
        output.append(tkn)

while stack != []:
    output.append(stack.pop())

# Eval postfix notation
for tkn in output:
    if tkn == "+":
        stack.append(stack.pop() + stack.pop())
    elif tkn == "-":
        tmp = stack.pop()
        stack.append(stack.pop() - tmp)
    elif tkn == "*":
        stack.append(stack.pop() * stack.pop())
    elif tkn == "/":
        tmp = stack.pop()
        stack.append(stack.pop()/tmp)
    else:
        stack.append(float(tkn))

print(stack.pop())

Takes expression as command-line argument, output on standard output.

Answer 10

C++0x 205 203 198 194 chars

#include<iostream>
#define P [](F l,F r){return l
int main(){typedef float F;F r,v,(*a[])(F,F)={P*r;},P+r;},0,P-r;},0,P/r;}};std::cin>>r;for(char o;std::cin>>o>>v;)r=a[o-42](r,v);std::cout<<r;}

Nicely formatted:

#include<iostream>

int main()
{
    float r,v;
    float (*a[])(float,float)   ={  [](float l,float r){return l*r;},
                                    [](float l,float r){return l+r;},
                                    0,
                                    [](float l,float r){return l-r;},
                                    0,
                                    [](float l,float r){return l/r;}
                                 };

    std::cin>>r;
    for(char o;std::cin>>o>>v;)
        r=a[o-42](r,v);

    std::cout<<r;
}

Answer 11

Perl (97)

$b=shift;eval"\$b$r=$s"while($r=shift,$s=shift);print$b

read from arguments

$b=shift;$b=($r eq'+'?$b+$s:$r eq'-'?$b-$s:$r eq'*'?$b*$s:$b/$s)while($r=shift,$s=shift);print$b;

read from input

@_=split/ /,<>;$b=shift@_;$b=($r eq'+'?$b+$s:$r eq'-'?$b-$s:$r eq'*'?$b*$s:$b/$s)while($r=shift@_,$s=shift@_);print$b

Answer 12

PostScript (145)

Another PostScript entry (thanks to luser droog for digging the golfs interesting for PostScript!):

[/+{add}/-{sub}/*{mul}/{div}>>begin(%stdin)(r)file
999 string readline
pop{token not{exit}if
count 4 eq{3 1 roll
4 1 roll
cvx exec}if
exch}loop
=

Un-golfed:

[/+{add}/-{sub}/*{mul}/ {div}>>begin
% Read the input
(%stdin)(r)file 999 string readline pop
{                        % .. string
  token not{exit}if      % .. string token
  % If we have 4 objects on the stack, we have two operands, one operator
  % and the input string. This means, we can calculate now.
  count 4 eq{            % a op string b
    % perform operation a op b = c (where op can be +,-,*,/)
    3 1 roll             % a b op string
    4 1 roll             % string a b op 
    cvx exec             % string c
  }if                    % string token (or c)
  exch                   % token string
}loop
=

Answer 13

JavaScript (208 characters compacted)

For clarity, this is the code before I compacted it down (JS-Fiddle of it):

function math(match, leftDigit, operator, rightDigit, offset, string) {
    var L = parseFloat(leftDigit)
    var R = parseFloat(rightDigit)
    switch (operator)
    {
        case '*': return L*R;
        case '/': return L/R;
        case '+': return L+R;
        case '-': return L-R;
    }
};

str = prompt("Enter some math:", "-2 + 6 / 2 * 8 - 1 / 2.5 - 18").replace(/ /g, "");
var mathRegex = /(\-?\d+\.?\d*)([\*\/\+\-])(\-?\d+\.?\d*)/;
while(mathRegex.test(str)) {
    str = str.replace(mathRegex, math);
}
alert(str)

Here it is compacted down to 208 characters (JS-Fiddle of it):

function m(x,l,o,r){
    L=(f=parseFloat)(l);
    R=f(r);
    return o=='*'?L*R:o=='/'?L/R:o=='+'?L+R:L-R;
};

M=/(\-?\d+\.?\d*)([\*\/\+\-])(\-?\d+\.?\d*)/;
for(s=prompt().replace(/ /g, "");M.test(s);s=s.replace(M,m)){};
alert(s)

Since I'm ending lines with semi-colons, all removable whitespace was ignored for character counting, but left in for clarity.

Answer 14

Haskell - 124

let p=let f[x]=Just$read x;f(x:o:r)=lookup o[("-",(-)),("+",(+)),("*",(*)),("/",(/))]<*>f r<*>Just(read x)in f.reverse.words

The result will be wrapped in Maybe monad

λ: p"-2 + 6 / 2 * 8 - 1 / 2.5 - 18"
Just (-12.0)

Also it requires importing <*> from Control.Applicative, but imports can be done outside the code, so I hope it's allowed.

Answer 15

C# (234) (231) (229) (223) (214)

class A{void Main(string[]s){var n=1;var o="";var r=0F;foreach(var t in s){if(n>0){var v=float.Parse(t);if(o=="")r=v;if(o=="+")r+=v;if(o=="-")r-=v;if(o=="*")r*=v;if(o=="/")r/=v;}o=t;n=-n;}System.Console.Write(r);}}

---

class A{
    void Main(string[] s)
    {
      var n = 1;
      var o = "";
      var r = 0F;

      foreach (var t in s)
      {
        if (n > 0)
        {
          var v = float.Parse(t);
          if (o == "") r = v;
          if (o == "+") r += v;
          if (o == "-") r -= v;
          if (o == "*") r *= v;
          if (o == "/") r /= v;
        }
        o = t;
        n = -n;
      }
      System.Console.Write(r);
    }
}

Answer 16

Postscript (340)

/D<</+{add}/-{sub}/*{mul}/ {div}>>def/eval{/P null def{token not{exit}if exch/rem exch def
dup D exch known{/P load null ne{D/P load get exch/P exch def exec}{/P exch def}ifelse}if
rem}loop/P load null ne{D/P load get exec}if}def {(> )print flush{(%lineedit)(r)file
dup bytesavailable string readline pop eval == flush}stopped{quit}if}loop

And a little more readable:

%!
/oper<</+{add}/-{sub}/*{mul}/ {div}>>def

/eval{
    /op null def
    {
        token not {exit} if
        exch /rem exch def
        dup oper exch known {
            /op load null ne {
                oper /op load get
                exch /op exch def
                exec
            }{
                /op exch def
            } ifelse
        } if
        rem
    } loop
    /op load null ne { oper /op load get exec } if
} def

{
    (> )print flush
    {
    (%lineedit)(r)file
    dup bytesavailable string readline pop
    eval == flush
    } stopped { quit } if
} loop

Answer 17

JavaScript (87 characters)

alert(prompt().split(/ +/).reduce((a,b,i)=>i%2?(o=b,a):o+1-0?a-b*-(o+1):o<'/'?a*b:a/b))

Answer 18

Java 11, 151 (as lambda function)

s->{float r=0,t;int o=43,q;for(var x:s.split(" ")){if(x.length()>1|(q=x.charAt(0))>47){t=new Float(x);r=o<43?r*t:o<44?r+t:o<46?r-t:r/t;}o=q;}return r;}

Lambda function taking a String input and outputting a float.

Try it online.

Java 11, 241 bytes (as full program with asked I/O)

interface M{static void main(String[]a){float r=0,t;int o=43,q;for(var x:new java.util.Scanner(System.in).nextLine().split(" ")){if(x.length()>1|(q=x.charAt(0))>47){t=new Float(x);r=o<43?r*t:o<44?r+t:o<46?r-t:r/t;}o=q;}System.out.print(r);}}

Full program taking a String-line through STDIN and outputting to STDOUT.

Try it online.

Explanation:

interface M{                  // Class
  static void main(String[]a){//  Mandatory main-method
    float r=0,                //   Result float, starting at 0
          t;                  //   Temp float
    int o=43,                 //   Operator flag, starting at '+'
        q;                    //   Temp operator flag
    for(var x:new java.util.Scanner(System.in)
                              //   Create an STDIN-reader
               .nextLine()    //   Get the user input
               .split(" ")){  //   Split it on spaces, and loop over it:
      if(x.length()>1         //    If the current String length is larger than 1
                              //    (work-around for negative values)
         |(q=x.charAt(0))>47){//    Or the first character is an operator
                              //    (and set `q` to this first character at the same time)
        t=new Float(x);       //     Convert the String to a float, and set it to `t`
        r=                    //     Change `r` to:
          o<43?               //      If `o` is a '*':
            r*t               //       Multiply `r` by `t`
          :o<44?              //      Else-if `o` is a '+':
            r+t               //       Add `r` and `t` together
          :o<46?              //      Else-if `o` is a '-':
            r-t               //       Subtract `t` from `r`
          :                   //      Else (`o` is a '/'):
            r/t;}             //       Divide `r` by `t`
      o=q;}                   //    And at the end of every iteration: set `o` to `q`
    System.out.print(r);}}    //    Print the result `r` to STDOUT

Answer 19

05AB1E, 30 bytes

#ćs2ôívy`…+-*sk©i-ë®>i+ë®<i*ë/

Try it online or verify all test cases.

Explanation:

#           # Split the (implicit) input-string by spaces
 ć          # Pop the list, and push the remainder and first item separated to the stack
  s         # Swap so the remainder is at the top of the stack
   2ô       # Split it into parts of size 2 (operator + number pairs)
     í      # Reverse each pair so the numbers are before the operators
v           # Loop over each of the pairs:
 y`         #  Push the number and operator separated to the stack
   …+-*     #  Push a string "+-*"
       sk   #  Get the index of the operator in this string
         ©  #  Store this index in the register (without popping)
   i        #  If the index is 1 (the "-"):
    -       #   Subtract the numbers from each other
   ë®>i     #  Else-if the index is 0 (the "+"):
       +    #   Add the numbers together
   ë®<i     #  Else-if the index is 2 (the "*"):
       *    #   Multiply the numbers with each other
   ë        #  Else (the index is -1, so "/"):
    /       #   Divide the numbers from each other
            # (and output the result implicitly)

---

If an eval builtin was allowed, this could be an alternative approach (16 bytes):

#ćs2ôJv…(ÿ)y«}.E

Try it online or verify all test cases.

Explanation:

#ćs2ô    # Same as above
     J   # Join each operator+number pair together to a single string
v        # Loop over the operator+number strings:
 …(ÿ)    #  Surround the top of the stack in parenthesis
     y«  #  And append the operator+number string
}.E      # After the loop: evaluate the string using a Python-eval

This would change "-2 + 6 / 2 * 8 - 1 / 2.5 - 18" to "((((((-2)+6)/2)*8)-1)/2.5)-18" before using the eval builtin (using .E directly would give operator precedence of */ over +-, hence the conversion with parenthesis first).