Read a password

Question

Your challenge is to read a "password" from the keyboard / standard input.

Challenge:

• Read a string s invisibly.
• For each of the characters in s, print a character c.
• In realtime.

Rules:

• You must print c in realtime. As soon as the user enters a character you must display c.
• c must be constant, i.e. it must be the same character.
• c can be any visible character (i.e. it cannot be a newline, space, tab, or unprintable).
• c can't be based on s, i.e. c must be defined/constant before s is read.
• c must be the same every time the program is run.
• c can be one of the characters in s if by accident, as long as all other rules are followed.
• None of the characters of s may appear on the screen, c excepted (see previous rule).
• You may use any reasonable methods of input and output as long as all other rules are followed.
• You may assume that the length of s is never longer than the terminal/graphical window width.
• If using a terminal, your program should terminate after a newline or EOF is entered.

Example:

If s was password01 and c was *, the output would look something like:

Winner:

The shortest submission in each language wins.

Answer 1

str, 5 bytes

n=?,1

Due to a bug, this is 5 bytes. It should be only 1 byte:

1

Answer 2

HTML, 20 bytes

<input type=password

---

Alternative: HTML + JavaScript, 51 bytes

Although the OP has confirmed that to be valid, here's a solution using JS for the purists!

<input id=i oninput=i.value=i.value.replace(/./g,8)

Answer 3

Vim, 36 bytes:

:im <C-v><CR> <C-v><esc>ZQ<CR>:au I<tab><tab> * let v:char=0<CR>i

This uses vim-key notation, so <C-v> is control-v, <CR> is enter, <esc> is the escape key, and <tab> is the tab key.

c is '0'.

Here is a hexdump to prove the byte count is accurate:

00000000: 3a69 6d20 160a 2016 1b5a 510a 3a61 7520  :im .. ..ZQ.:au 
00000010: 4909 0920 2a20 6c65 7420 763a 6368 6172  I.. * let v:char
00000020: 3d30 0a69                                =0.i

This works by running the following two ex commands:

:imap <CR> <esc>ZQ
:autocmd InsertCharPre * let v:char=0

The first one means

:imap               " Anytime the following is pressed in insert mode:
      <CR>          "   (the 'enter' key)
           <esc>ZQ  " Then act as if the user instead pressed '<esc>ZQ' (close the buffer)

And the second one means

:autocmd                                " Automatically as vim runs:
         InsertCharPre                  "   Any time the user is about to insert a char
                       *                "   In any type of file
                         let v:char=0   "     Then instead insert a '0' character

Answer 4

Ruby with Shoes, 29 characters

Shoes.app{edit_line secret:1}

Sample output:

Answer 5

Aceto, 8 7 6 bytes

,!`XpO

Explanation:

Read a character (,), negate it (!) and conditionally exit. Print the zero on top of the stack (p) and go back to the beginning.

Run with -F to see the effect immediately (because flushing)

My first solution was based on the sandbox post, with spaces allowed as replacement characters and no need to exit on enter (4 bytes):

,'p>

Answer 6

C on POSIX, 128 117 113 96 bytes

^{-11 thanks to Quentin searching through termios.h
-4 thanks to Quentin pointing out my stupid mistakes
-17 because Quentin is a freaking wizard.}

c,t[15];f(){for(tcgetattr(1,t),t[3]&=~10,tcsetattr(1,0,t);(c=getchar())^10&&c^4;)printf(".");}

This puts STDIN into raw/invisible mode so that it can get keypresses in realtime. This takes 77 bytes and I'm sure I can golf it in a bit. Note that this does not reset STDIN upon exiting so it will mess up your terminal if you don't do so manually.

Here's how you can reset STDIN:

void stdin_reset(void)
{
    struct termios t;
    get_stdin(&t);
    t.c_lflag |= ECHO;
    t.c_lflag |= ICANON;
    set_stdin(&t);
}

Output as shown in the GIF :-)

Answer 7

x86 machine code on MS-DOS - 14 bytes

As usual, this is a full COM file, that can be run on DosBox, plus most DOS variants.

00000000  b4 08 b2 2a cd 21 80 f4  0a 3c 0d 75 f7 c3        |...*.!...<.u..|
0000000e

Commented assembly:

    org 100h

section .text

start:
    mov ah,8h       ; ah starts at 08h (read console, no echo)
    mov dl,'*'      ; write asterisks (we could have left whatever
                    ; startup value we have here, but given that dx=cs,
                    ; we have no guarantee to get a non-zero non-space
                    ; value)
lop:
    ; this loop runs twice per character read: the first time with
    ; ah = 08h (read console, no echo syscall), the second time with
    ; ah = 02h (write console); a xor is used to switch from one
    ; mode to the other
    int 21h         ; perform syscall
    xor ah,0ah      ; switch syscall 08h <=> 02h
    cmp al,0dh      ; check if we read a newline (if we wrote stuff
                    ; we are just checking the last value read, so
                    ; no harm done; at the first iteration al starts
                    ; at 0, so no risk here)
    jne lop         ; loop if it wasn't a newline
quit:
    ret             ; quit

Answer 8

Python 2, 50 bytes

from msvcrt import*
while'\r'!=getch():print'\b*',

^{Only works on windows}

Answer 9

Java 5-8, 125 122 131 124 bytes

class X{public static void main(String[]a){new java.awt.Frame(){{add(new javax.swing.JPasswordField());setVisible(1>0);}};}}

Ungolfed:

class X{
    public static void main(String[]a){
        new java.awt.Frame(){
            {
                add(new javax.swing.JPasswordField());
                setVisible(1>0);
            }
        };
    }
}

Result:

Credit:

-3 @MD XF (Pointed out my stupid mistake with String[]args)

-7 @KritixiLithos (Pointed out public class can just be class)

Answer 10

AHK, 17 bytes

InputBox,o,,,HIDE

Built-ins are not interesting.

Answer 11

Mathematica 34 bytes

 InputString["",FieldMasked->True];

An single asterisk appears, after each character is keyed in. The empty quotation marks are for the title that appears in the pop-up input window.

The ; prevents the password from being printed.

Answer 12

Vim, 58 50 52 50 bytes

Added to make sure it handled spaces properly.

Thanks to @DJMcMayhem for a bunch of help and ideas

i:im 32 *Y94pVGg

kWcW<Space>
:im 
 ZQ
dG@"qi

In typical Vim key syntax below. The characters marked like with a ^ are Ctrl+<char>, so ^Q=Ctrl+q

i:im ^V^V32 *^[Y94pVGg^A
kWcW<Space>^[
:im ^V
 ZQ
dG@"qi

There's no TIO link, because you'd need to directly input to Vim (as opposed to pre-inputting like normal). To run the code you need to type it into Vim, and then you can type your password and hit enter. It won't do anything with the password. It won't even know what it was. As soon as you hit enter the Vim window will :q!

This works by mapping all printable ASCII to * in insert mode, and mapping <CR> to <ESC>:q!<CR>

Answer 13

FLTK, 47 characters

Function{}{}{Fl_Window{}{}{Fl_Input{}{type 5}}}

Sample run:

bash-4.4$ fluid -c password.fl

bash-4.4$ fltk-config --compile password.cxx 
g++ -I/usr/include/cairo -I/usr/include/glib-2.0 -I/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/glib-2.0/include -I/usr/include/pixman-1 -I/usr/include/freetype2 -I/usr/include/libpng16 -I/usr/include/freetype2 -I/usr/include/cairo -I/usr/include/glib-2.0 -I/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/glib-2.0/include -I/usr/include/pixman-1 -I/usr/include/freetype2 -I/usr/include/libpng16 -g -O2 -fPIE -fstack-protector-strong -Wformat -Werror=format-security -fvisibility-inlines-hidden -D_LARGEFILE_SOURCE -D_LARGEFILE64_SOURCE -D_THREAD_SAFE -D_REENTRANT -o 'password' 'password.cxx' -Wl,-Bsymbolic-functions -fPIE -pie -Wl,-z,relro -Wl,-z,now -Wl,--as-needed -lfltk -lX11

bash-4.4$ ./password 

Sample output:

Answer 14

Processing, 53 bytes

String a="";void draw(){text(keyPressed?a+=0:a,9,9);}

This takes input via keypresses from a graphical window. The character it chooses to represent passwords with is 0. Note that due to the high framerate, each keypress will appear as multiple 0s (and also due to the fact that this is keyPressed and not keyTyped (not a boolean) or keyrelease).

Answer 15

Bash, 54 bytes

while read -eN1 c 2>&-;[[ ${c/$'\r'/} ]];do printf X;done

For scoring purposes, $'\r' can be replaced with a literal carriage return.

Try it online! (not much to look at)

Answer 16

ZX81 BASIC, 54 bytes

10 IF LEN INKEY$ THEN GOTO PI
30 IF NOT LEN INKEY$ THEN GOTO EXP PI
50 IF INKEY$>"Z" THEN STOP
70 PRINT "*";
90 GOTO PI

In the ZX81 character set the printable characters are in the range space to Z, although you can't actually input a space this way as it's the break character.

ZX Spectrum BASIC, 24 bytes

10 PAUSE NOT PI: IF INKEY$>=" " THEN PRINT "*";:GOTO PI

Note that >= counts as a single-byte keyword in Sinclair BASIC (codepoint 140 in this case).

Answer 17

R, 29 bytes

invisible(openssl::askpass())

Built-in that handles password entries. Opens a new window and replaces the input with dots. invisible is used to suppress printing the password to STDOUT.

Answer 18

Tcl/Tk, 18

gri [ent .e -sh *]

Must be run on the in the interactive shell (or have abbreviations enabled):

Answer 19

Vim, 15 keystrokes

:cal inp<S-tab>'')|q<cr>

<S-tab> means shift + tab.

Apparently, there is a builtin for this that I wasn't aware of. Since I really like my manual answer, and this approach is radically different, I figured I should post a new answer instead of editing.

This works by calling the inputsecret function, then immediately quitting after it exits.

Answer 20

6502 machine code (C64), 22 21 bytes

0e 08 20 9f ff 20 e4 ff f0 f8 c9 0d f0 01 a9 60 20 d2 ff 50 ed

Usage: SYS 2062

Commented disassembly listing (ACME), you can uncomment the first three commented lines to launch with RUN once loaded:

!cpu 6502
!to "password2.prg",cbm
;* = $0801                               ; BASIC starts at #2049
;!byte $0d,$08,$dc,$07,$9e,$20,$32,$30   ; BASIC to load $c000
;!byte $36,$32,$00,$00,$00               ; inserts BASIC line: 2012 SYS 2062

    GETIN  =  $FFE4
    SCNKEY =  $FF9F
    CHROUT =  $FFD2

* = $080e
keyScan:
    jsr SCNKEY  ; get key
    jsr GETIN   ; put key in A

    beq keyScan ; if no key pressed loop    

    cmp #13     ; check if RETURN was pressed
    beq $081b   ; if true go to operand of next instruction (#$60 = rts)

    lda #$60    ; load char $60 into accumulator
    jsr CHROUT  ; print it

    bvc keyScan ; loop

Comments:

• I haven't found anything in the docs, but it seems that, after the GETIN call, beq branches only where no new key presses have been recorded;
• Using #$60 as output char, that byte can be reused as "rts" instruction when RETURN is pressed.

Answer 21

Forth (gforth), 54 bytes

: f begin key dup 4 - swap 13 - * while ." *" repeat ;

Explanation

begin      \ enters the loop
    key    \ waits for a single character as input, places ascii code of character on stack
    dup    \ duplicates the key value on the stack
    4 -    \ subtracts 4 from the key value (shorter way of checking for not equals)
    swap   \ swaps the top two stack values
    13 -   \ subtract 13 from the key value
    *      \ multiply top two stack values (shorter version of "and")
while      \ if top of stack is true, enter loop body, else exit loop
    ." *"  \ output *
repeat     \ go back to beginning of loop

Answer 22

Python 3 + tkinter - 63 61 bytes

from tkinter import*
t=Tk();Entry(show=1).pack();t.mainloop()

Displays a 1 for every character, ends when closing window (OP said it's allowed).

Answer 23

Groovy, 77 73 bytes

{new java.awt.Frame(){{add(new javax.swing.JPasswordField());visible=1}}}

This is an anonymous closure, with 0 required inputs.

Ungolfed:

{
    new java.awt.Frame() {
        {
            add(new javax.swing.JPasswordField())
            visible=1
        }
    }
}

---

Edit 1 (-4 bytes): Component#visible can be directly accessed, read more here.

Answer 24

Micro, 35 bytes

"":i{L46c:\
i~+:i
i10c=if(,a)}a
i:\

explination:

"":i                      create new blank string 'i'
    {                          begin input loop
     L                         input a character
      46c:\                    display ascii char #46 (.) (it is popped, leaving the input char from 'L'
           i~+:i               push i, flip i and the char around, concatinate them, and store that to i
                i10c=if(,a)}a  OK, a lot happens here, if a NL is in i, the loop terminates, and the final i:\ will display the input

Answer 25

BF, 24 bytes

++++++[->++++++<],[>.<,]

Works with bf.doleczek.pl. You can send a zero char to the program with Ctrl+Z.

Alternative solution:

BF, 1 byte

,

This is a very tongue-in-cheek solution. My terminal is 0 characters wide, so please don't enter any passwords longer than that.

Answer 26

PowerShell, 12 bytes

Read-Host -a

This reads input from host and, with the -a flag treats it as a securestring/password. In the ISE it pops up a message box which has a similar behavior since the ISE doesn't allow keypress capture.

PS C:\Windows\system32> Read-Host -a
************

Answer 27

brainfuck, 21 bytes

-[+>,[<->+[<.>[-]]]<]

Last one, I promise. No input = -1, end of input = 0

How it Works

-[  Enters the loop
  +>, Get input
     [<->+ If not end of input it create the ÿ character and check if the input is not -1
          [<.>[-]]] If there was input, print the ÿ character. 
                    <] Exit the loop if end of input

Answer 28

QBasic, 48 bytes

DO
a$=INPUT$(1)
IF ASC(a$)=13THEN END
?"*";
LOOP

INPUT$(1) reads the next character from keyboard input. (This can include things like tab, backspace, and escape, but since the OP didn't say anything about those I'll assume we don't have to worry about them.) If the character is \r (ASCII 13), terminate the program; otherwise, print * without a newline. Repeat ad infinitum.

Answer 29

Perl + Bash, 30 bytes

print"*"while$|=1+`read -sn 1`

c is *, uses read from bash, so isn't a pure Perl solution.

Answer 30

QBIC, 44 bytes

{X=inkey$~X<>@`|~X=chr$(13)|_X\Y=Y+@*`_C?Y

Explanation

{            DO
X=inkey$     Read a char, set it to X$
             Note that INKEY$ doesn't wait for keypress, but simply sends out "" if no key was pressed.
~X<>@`|      IF X$ has a value THEN
~X=chr$(13)| IF that value is ENTER
_X           THEN END
\            ELSE
Y=Y+@*`      append a literal * to Y$
_C           Clear the screen
?Y           Display Y$ (having 1 * for each char entered)
             The IF's and the DO-loop are auto-closed at EOF{            DO

Answer 31

Python 2 (*nix only), 75 bytes

import sys,tty
i=sys.stdin
tty.setraw(i)
while i.read(1)!='\r':print'\b*',

(Warning: messes up your stdin and doesn't fix it, so maybe run in a screen instance if you don't want to have to restart your console).

Rod has a (shorter) Python 2 answer that only works on Windows - here's a Python 2 version that works on *nix (and not Windows, I think)

Answer 32

Befunge, 18 bytes

"**"~:!#@_0`!_ #,_

Enter a null byte to stop input

Answer 33

><>, 10 bytes

"i:?!;1+?o

Try It Here

Enter a null byte to end input

Answer 34

Aheui (esotope), 43 bytes

밣발따밯밧밧누
희）빠뫃쳐）뎌

Try it online!

Unfortunately, I couldn't find interactive Aheui interpreter. Aheui processer made with Javascript looks like somewhat interactive, but it doesn't print till input !!!. And input !!! just terminates program.

Many Aheui implementation put -1 into stack when there are no more input, and this code checks if input is -1. If not, just print ), because its ascii code is 40, easy to make.