St Clare John Byrne

St Clare John Byrne (1831-1915) was a British naval architect, who specialized in the design of luxury yachts during the late Victorian and early Edwardian period.

Family background

His father, Charles Holtzendorf Byrne (1781-1853), was an Irish ship owner who in 1812 married Scottish Susanna Ewing (1789–1868). They had 8 children, 4 of whom were born in Renfrew Scotland and the remainder in Liverpool, including St Clare Byrne.

By the age of 20 Byrne was a merchant’s clerk, living with his parents in Birkenhead, an area associated with shipbuilding.[1]

In 1867 he married Kate Chatteris, they had 3 children: Henry, Arthur and Lionel. Byrne's granddaughter was Muriel St. Clare Byrne (1894-1983), historian and author. She and her mother lived with Byrne after her father died in 1905; she would later say of him that he was a genius.[2]

Shipbuilding

Byrne's elder brother, shipping merchant Andrew Ewing Byrne (1818-1908), was a keen yachtsman. Byrne followed his interest, but designed and built his own yacht. In 1856 he was elected a member of the Royal Mersey Yacht Club.[3]

By the mid 1850s he was designing larger vessels constructed in iron for the shipyard Brassey, Peto and Betts of Canada Works at Birkenhead. These included the paddle steamer Elizabeth Jackson[4] (143 ft), Edith Byrne[5] (729 tons) for his brother Andrew, and the yacht Albatross (110 tons) for Thomas Brassey, son of a proprietor of the Canada Works.

In 1865 he was Superintendent Shipbuilder in the Humber Iron Works[6] and later a partner in shipbuilding company called Byrne, Humphreys & Co. of Hull; the partnership was dissolved in 1867.[7] In the early 1870s he was designing merchant ships and private yachts often constructed as composite, where the frame was made of iron but planked in wood. He delivered a paper on this subject to the Institute of Naval Architects in 1878.[8]

Thomas Brassey's yacht Sunbeam

Byrne designed a steam auxiliary barquetine yacht for Thomas Brassey of composite construction named Sunbeam. It was 532 tons, 159 ft in length, built by Bowdler and Chaffer’s in Seacombe and launched in 1874 . Sunbeam would become one of the most famous private yachts of the period. Brassey took the yacht on a world cruise with his wife Anna (Allnutt) Brassey (1839-1887) and their children. Anna wrote a book describing their travels and this became a best seller, reprinted many times and translated into many languages.[9] In 1915 Brassey sailed Sunbeam to Mudros Bay to act as a hospital ship during the Gallipoli campaign.[10][11]

In 1877 the first of 3 yachts Byrne designed for Manchester industrialist Samuel Radcliff Platt was launched; they were all named Norseman. The 2nd, launched in 1890, was eventually sold to an American buyer and become the USS Mohican - SP117 during WW1.

The Lancashire Witch was designed and built for Sir Thomas George Fermor-Hesketh on the lines of Sunbeam and launched in 1877. Like Brassey, Hesketh went on a world tour in the Lancashire Witch and on one of the legs set a record for the crossing between the Falkland Islands and South Africa.[12] The Lancashire Witch was sold to the Admiralty in 1893 and become HMS Waterwitch.

Two American clients, James Gordon Bennett and William Kissam Vanderbilt, had yachts designed by Byrne, but built in America. Vanderbilt's yacht Alva was sunk in 1892 and Byrne was commissioned to design a replacement, the Valiant at 2148 tons, said to be the largest yacht in the world.[13] This was constructed in Britain by Laird Brothers at Birkenhead.

Byrne continued to design yachts into his senior years: Portia designed for Col Herbert A Foster and built by Cammell Laird was launched in 1906 when Byrne was 75. Portia was used by the Royal Navy during WWI as armed yacht Portia II,[14] becoming involved with the chase and final sinking of German submarine U12.[15]

St Clare John Byrne died on 13 December 1915 aged 86 and was buried at Holy Trinity Church, then Hoylake Parish church.[16] The church has since been demolished but the grave yard remains. Sadly, Byrne's tomb stone is now damaged and overgrown.

Table

Many of the larger yachts (over 100 tons) designed by St Clare Byrne are listed below. The list does not included his designs for small yachts or merchant vessels. Source data from contemporary Lloyd's Yacht Registers.

Yacht NameTonsYearBuilderOwner When Launched
Albatross1101859Canada WorksThomas Brassey
Nooya1601870Laird Brothers (378)John Thomas Molson
Sirex1021871Bowdler & Chaffer, Seacombe Sir Hickman Bacon
Modwena2251872Bowdler & Chaffer Seacombe John Gretton
Sunbeam5321874Bowdler & Chaffer Seacombe Thomas Brassey
Norseman2211875Laird Brothers (428) Samuel Radcliffe Platt
Dobhran4401876Cunliffe & Dunlop Thomas Valentine Smith
Lancashire Witch4791877B Steele & Co., Greenock Sir Thomas George Fermor-Hesketh
Amy4161877Barrow Shipbuilding Company, Barrow Ninian B Stewart
Margaret3951877Barrow Shipbuilding Company, BarrowH Jameson
Amy6391880Cunliffe & Dunlop Glasgow Ninian B Stewart
Chonita1221880Thomas Brassey & Co Birkenhead Henry Pigeon
Cruiser4701881Barrow Shipbuilding Company, BarrowEarl of Eglinton
Gelert1221881J Fullerton & Co., Paisley Albert Wood
Namouna7401882Ward Stanton & Co., Newburg, Hudson USA James Gordon Bennett, Jr.
Cuhona/Empress4981882Earles Shipbuilding & Engineering Company Sir Andrew B Walker
Gaviota1591882J Fullerton & Co., Paisley Don Thomas Heredia
Gitana4711882Ramage & Ferguson, Leith Henry Jameson
Rover5651882Ramage & Ferguson, LeithEarl of Eglinton
Alva12411886Harlan & Hollingsworth Wilmington USA W K Vanderbilt
Miranda3491886Ramage & Ferguson, LeithBaron Ashburton
St Kilda1421887J Reid & Co., Glasgow E J Allcard
Jeannette1471888Cochran & Co., Birkenhead Frederick Platt
Red Eagle3051888Ramage & Ferguson, LeithCharles J Fletcher
Norseman3251890Laird Brothers (538)Samuel Radcliffe Platt
Lady Ina4591891Ramage & Ferguson, LeithJohn Anderson
Athena3321892London & Glasgow Engineering and Iron Shipbuilding Company R Clifford Smith
Jeannette2251892The Naval Construction & Armament Co Barrow Frederick Platt
Valiant21841893Laird Brothers (594) W K Vanderbilt
Maria8121893Napier Shanks & Bell Glasgow Ninian B Stewart
Zoraide5491894Earle Ship Building Company Thomas J Waller
St Elian2831894Ramage & Ferguson, LeithCol Henry Platt
Erl-King5651894Ramage & Ferguson, LeithMaj Alex H Davis
Arcturus4741895Ramage & Ferguson, LeithR Stuyesant
Lady Sofia3071895Ramage & Ferguson, LeithW H Robertson
Kethailes4791897Ramage & Ferguson, Leith William Johnston
Leon Pauilhac3081897Ramage & Ferguson, LeithPauilac, Calvat, Marsan
Jeannette3131898Vickers Sons and Maxim Barrow Frederick Platt
Norseman5211898D & W Henderson Ltd Glasgow, Samuel Radcliffe Platt
Sabrina5131899Vickers Sons and Maxim Barrow Sir William H Wills
Portia5271906Cammell Laird Birkenhead (666) Col Herbert A Foster

Additional Interests

St Clare John Byrne was a keen golfer and a member of the Royal Liverpool Golf Club, Hoylake having joined in 1890. When younger he was a leading marksman in the 2nd Cheshire Rifle Volunteers. He continued to take an interest in sailing, becoming president of the Hoylake Sailing Club in his later years.

References

  1. Census for United Kingdom.
  2. Devine (editor), Elizabeth (1983). The Annual Obituary 1983. Chicago & London: St James Press. p. 573. ISBN 0-912289-07-4.CS1 maint: extra text: authors list (link)
  3. "Royal Mersey Yacht Club - Liverpool". London Standard. 7 August 1856.
  4. "Launch of New Steamer". Liverpool Mercury. 17 September 1856.
  5. "Launches From Canada Works". Liverpool Echo. 25 May 1857.
  6. "Royal Yorkshire Yacht Club". Yorkshire Gazette - page 9. 13 May 1865.
  7. "Partnership Dissolved 12 September 1868" (PDF). London Gazette. Retrieved 9 August 2013.
  8. "The Institute of Naval Architects". Hampshire Telegraph and Sussex Chronicle, page 6, column 2. 20 April 1878.
  9. Brassey, Earl (1917). Sunbeam RYS - Voyages and Experiences in Many Waters. Albemarle Street: John Murray.
  10. "The Bulldog Breed". The Mirror of Australia. Retrieved 31 May 2013.
  11. "The 'Sunbeam' as Hospital Ship, July 30th 1915". Imperial War Museum. Retrieved 31 May 2013.
  12. "Cruise of the Lancashire Witch". Manchester Times. 14 August 1880.
  13. "MR. VANDERBILT'S NEW YACHT; THE VALIANT ARRIVES FROM GLASGOW WITHIN NINE DAYS". New York Times. Retrieved 8 August 2013.
  14. "Armed Yacht Portia". National Maritime museum. Retrieved 20 August 2013.
  15. Hurd, Sir Archibald. HISTORY OF THE GREAT WAR - THE MERCHANT NAVY, Volume I, 1914 to Spring 1915 (Part 2 of 2) .Published by John Murray, London 1921
  16. "Deaths". Liverpool Echo. 14 December 1915.
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