Redeye piranha

The redeye piranha (Serrasalmus rhombeus), also known as the black piranha, white piranha, spotted piranha or yellow piranha, is a species of freshwater ray-finned fish, a piranha from the family Serrasalmidae. It is found in northern South America. It is the type species of the genus Serrasalmus.

Redeye piranha
At Louisville Zoo
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Characiformes
Family: Serrasalmidae
Genus: Serrasalmus
Species:
S. rhombeus
Binomial name
Serrasalmus rhombeus
(Linnaeus, 1766)
Synonyms[1]
  • Salmo rhombeus Linnaeus, 1766
  • Serrasalmus niger Jardine, 1841
  • Serrasalmo immaculatus Cope, 1878
  • Serrasalmus paraense Steindachner, 1908
  • Serrasalmus boekeri Ahl, 1931
  • Serrasalmus normani Géry, 1964
  • Pygocentrus normani (Géry, 1964)

Description

The redeye piranha is one of the larger species of piranha and it has a distinctively, rhombus-shaped body and they are solidly coloured from grey through to nearly black. Whatever the body colour this species has red eyes. The colour of juveniles can be more mottled than in adults and as they mature their silvery body becomes less mottled and changes to a darker grey or black colour. How dark the fish become depends on the local water conditions, fish in Peru appear to be the darkest and may be almost almost jet black.[2] The maximum recorded fish measurement standard length is 41.5 centimetres (16.3 in)[1], although a more normal length is around 32 centimetres (13 in)[2] and the attain a maximum weight of 3.0 kilograms (6.6 lb).[1]

Distribution

The redeye piranha is found in northern South America, east of the Andes. They are found in the drainage systems of the Amazon and Orinoco as well as the Essequibo River and other rives of the Guiana Shield and the coastal rivers of northeastern Brazil.[1] It has been introduced to Florida but is now extirpated.[3]

Habitat and biology

The redeye piranha occurs in a wide variety of habitats but the adults are have a preference for the larger, deeper river channels where it normally hunts for prey either in deep stretches or in the vicinity of rapids. The juveniles are most frequently recorded in stiller stretches where there is thick submerged or marginal vegetation. Paler coloured fish tend to be found in turbid white waters while in clear or dark waters dark fish predominate.[4] These fish are opportuistic and omnivorous feeders which will eat plants, fallen fruits and animals smaller than themselves such as insects and small fishes. They will also eat the scales and fins which they can nip off other fishes. They are well known scavengers too and feed on carcasses within the river.[2][4] This is not a sociable species and normally lives solitarily. At least when breeding they defend an area around the nest which is placed among thick vegetation.[4]

Taxonomy

The redeye piranha was first formally described in 1766 as Salmo rhombeus with the type locality given as Brokopondo on the Suriname River in Surinam.[5] When Bernard Germain de Lacépède created the genus Serrasalmus in 1803 the only species he placed in it was Salmo rhombeus, so this species is the type species of its genus.[6] The morphological differences between populations suggest that S. rhombeus is a species complex,[3] but moleculat work to confirm this has yet to be undertaken.[4]

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References
  1. Froese, Rainer and Pauly, Daniel, eds. (2019). "Serrasalmus rhombeus" in FishBase. December 2019 version.
  2. "The Black Piranha [also known as The RedEye Piranha]". The Piranha Guide. Retrieved 26 May 2020.
  3. Leo Nico; Bill Loftus (30 April 2018). "Serrasalmus rhombeus (Linnaeus, 1766)". Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Database, Gainesville, FL. U.S. Geological Survey. Retrieved 26 May 2020.
  4. "Serrasalmus rhombeus Black Piranha/Rhom". Serioulsy Fish. Retrieved 26 May 2020.
  5. Eschmeyer, W. N.; R. Fricke & R. van der Laan (eds.). "Salmo rhombeus". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 26 May 2020.
  6. Eschmeyer, W. N.; R. Fricke & R. van der Laan (eds.). "genid=547". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 26 May 2020.
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