List of nuclear research reactors

This is an annotated list of all the nuclear research reactors in the world, sorted by country, with operational status. For power reactors, see List of nuclear reactors.

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by expanding it with reliably sourced entries.

Algeria

• Es Salam (The Peace), 15 MW heavy-water nuclear reactor for research, located in Aïn Oussera, in service since 1993
• Nur, research reactor built by Argentine INVAP

Antarctica

Nuclear research reactors in Antarctica

Name	Location	Reactor type	Purpose	Status	Capacity (kW)	Construction start date	Operation date	Closure	Operator and owner
PM-3A NNPU "Nukey Poo"[1]	McMurdo Station		power reactor	Shut down			1962	1972, fully dismantled 1979	US Navy

Argentina

Nuclear research reactors in Argentina[2]

Name	Location	Reactor type	Purpose	Status	Capacity (kW)	Construction start date	Operation date	Closure	Operator and owner
RA-0		Tank type		Operational	0.001		1958		Universidad Nacional de Córdoba
RA-1 Enrico Fermi		Tank type		Operational	40	May 1957	17 January 1958		National Atomic Energy Commission
RA-2		Critical assembly type		Shut down	0.03		19 July 1966	September 1983	National Atomic Energy Commission
RA-3		Pool type		Operational	10,000		20 December 1967		National Atomic Energy Commission
RA-4		HOMOG type		Operational	0.001		September 1971		Universidad Nacional de Rosario
RA-6		Pool type		Operational	3,000	1 September 1978	23 September 1982		National Atomic Energy Commission
RA-8		Critical assembly type		Operation suspended	0.01		16 June 1997	2001	National Atomic Energy Commission
RA-10				Under construction	30,000	March 2016			National Atomic Energy Commission

Australia

See also: Nuclear power in Australia

• High Flux Australian Reactor, a 10 MW DIDO class reactor in Lucas Heights, New South Wales that produced nuclear medicine (approximately half a million doses a year) for the diagnosis and treatment of major diseases such as cancer and heart disease. HIFAR also produced neutron beams for research, particularly neutron diffraction analysis of crystal structures, and irradiation facilities for various purposes especially materials testing and chemical analysis. It first went critical on 26 January 1958, was shut down in January 2007[3] and is currently under a care and maintenance program.[4]
• MOATA, 100 kW Argonaut class reactor, dismantled in 2009.
• Open-pool Australian lightwater reactor, 20 MW, a replacement for the High Flux Australian Reactor supplied by INVAP of Argentina. This facility first went critical at 11.25pm on 12 August 2006[5] and achieved full power for the first time on 3 November 2006.

Austria

See also: Nuclear energy in Austria

• Austrian Research Centers at Seibersdorf — 10 MW ASTRA research reactor (in use 1960–1999)
• Atomic Institute of the Austrian Universities in Vienna — 250 kW TRIGA Mark II research reactor (in use since 1962)
• Reactor Institute of the Technical University in Graz — 10 kW Siemens Argonaut research reactor (operated from 1965–2004)

Bangladesh

See also: Nuclear energy in Bangladesh

• Savar – TRIGA Mark II, Atomic Energy Research Establishment (installed 1986)

Belarus

• Sosny, Minsk
  • IRT research reactor (shut down 1988)
  • "Pamir" - mobile nuclear power reactor test (shut down 1986)

Belgium

Main article: Nuclear energy in Belgium

• BR-1 – 4MWt air-cooled, graphite moderated research reactor at SCK•CEN, Mol[6]
• BR-2 – 125MWt water-cooled, beryllium moderated material testing research reactor at SCK•CEN, Mol[7]
• BR-3 – 11MWe PWR reactor (shut down and fully decommissioned) at SCK•CEN, Mol[8]
• VENUS – zero power critical facility, converted to GUINEVERE, at SCK•CEN, Mol[9]
• GUINEVERE – fast, accelerator driven, lead-cooled reactor at SCK•CEN, Mol[10]
• Thetis reactor – 250kWt pool type reactor (shut down and fully decommissioned) at Ghent university (51°1′25.71″N 3°44′21.96″E)[11][12][13]

Brazil

• IEA-R1 – 5MW Pool-type reactor, – IPEN-Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, São Paulo (criticality 1957-09-16)
• IPR-R1 – 250 kW TRIGA Mark I, – CDTN-Centro de Desenvolvimento de Tecnologia Nuclear, Belo Horizonte (criticality 1960-11-06)
• ARGONAUTA – 100 kW Argonaut class reactor, – IEN-Instituto de Engenharia Nuclear, Rio de Janeiro (criticality 1965-02-20)
• IPEN/MB-01 – 0.1 kW Critical assembly, – IPEN-Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, São Paolo (criticality 1988-11-09)

Bulgaria

• Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (Sofia) – IRT-200 research reactor, partially decommissioned in 2009, shut down

Canada

Main article: Nuclear power in Canada

Nuclear research reactors in Canada

Name	Reactor Type	Status	Capacity	Operation Date	Closure	Operator and Owner	Notes
MAPLE 1	Medical isotope production reactor	Never Operated		2000		Chalk River Laboratories	Incomplete commissioning, never completed testing. However, criticality was achieved[14]
MAPLE 2	Medical isotope production reactor	Never Operated		2003		Chalk River Laboratories	Incomplete commissioning, never completed testing. However, criticality was achieved[14]
NRU	Heavy water cooled/moderated[15]	Shut Down	135 MW	1957	2018[16]	Chalk River Laboratories
NRX	Heavy water moderated, light water cooled[15]	Shut Down	42 MW	1947	1993	Chalk River Laboratories	One of the highest flux reactors in the world until shut down
SLOWPOKE-1 prototype	Pool Type	Shut Down	5 kW			Chalk River Laboratories, University of Toronto	The prototype was moved to the University of Toronto in 1971
PTR	Pool type	Shut Down			1990	Chalk River Laboratories
ZED-2		Operational	200 Wth	1960		Chalk River Laboratories
ZEEP	Heavy water	Shut Down	0	1945	1973	Chalk River Laboratories	The first nuclear reactor in Canada, and first outside the United States
WR-1	Organiclly-cooled CANDU	Shut Down		1965[17]	1985	Whiteshell Laboratories	Coolant leak of 2,739 litres in Nov. 1978.[18]
SLOWPOKE-3 demonstration	Pool type	Shut Down	2 MWth	1987[17]	1989[17]	Whiteshell Laboratories
SLOWPOKE-2	Pool type	Operational	0	1981		Saskatchewan Research Council	On 17 January 2018, the reactor surpassed 20,000 hours of operation
SLOWPOKE-2	Pool type	Shut Down	20 kW	1984[17]	1989	Nordion
SLOWPOKE-2 prototype	Pool type	Shut Down	20 kW	1971[17]		Tunney's Pasture
SLOWPOKE-2	Pool type	Shut Down	20 kW	1976[17]		Dalhousie University
	Pool type	Operational	0	1976		École Polytechnique de Montréal
McMaster Nuclear Reactor	SLOWPOKE-2 pool type	Operational	5 MWth	1959		McMaster University
SLOWPOKE-2	Pool type	Operational	20 kW	1985		Royal Military College
SLOWPOKE-2	Pool type	Shut Down	20 kW	1977[17]	2017	University of Alberta
SLOWPOKE-2	Pool type	Shut Down	20 kW	1976[17]	2001	University of Toronto	Rebuilt from SLOWPOKE-1

Chile

• RECH 1 – Pool-type reactor, 5 MW MTR – Comisión Chilena de Energía Nuclear, Santiago (criticality 1974)
• RECH 2 – Pool-type reactor, 10 MW MTR – Comisión Chilena de Energía Nuclear, Santiago (criticality 1977, refurbished 1989), currently in extended shutdown[19]

China

Main article: Nuclear power in China

• CEFR Chinese Experimental Fast Reactor (65 MW, 20 MWe, sodium cooled fast-spectrum neutron reactor). Located at CIAE Beijing, construction started May 2000, first criticality July 2010.

Colombia

• Bogotá – IAN-R1, 100 kW – TRIGA, Institute of Nuclear Science (installed in 1997)

Democratic Republic of the Congo

Main article: Regional Center for Nuclear Studies

• TRICO I – TRIGA reactor, CREN-K (University of Kinshasa), 50 kW (initial criticality 1959, shut down 1970)
• TRICO II – TRIGA reactor, CREN-K (University of Kinshasa), 1 MW (initial criticality 1972, extended shut down since 2004)[20]

Czech Republic

Main article: Nuclear power in the Czech Republic

• Řež – 2 research reactors (LVR-15 (a VVR-SM type reactor), LR-0)
• Prague – training reactor VR-1 at Czech Technical University

Denmark

Main article: Nuclear energy in Denmark

• Risø – DR-3 DIDO class experimental reactor (shut down permanently in 2000)
• Risø – DR-2 experimental reactor (shut down in 1975)
• Risø – DR-1 experimental reactor (shut down permanently in 2001)

Egypt

Main article: Nuclear program of Egypt

• Nuclear Research Center at Inshas:
  • ETRR-1 – 2 MW LWR
  • ETRR-2 – 22 MW reactor, built by Argentine INVAP

Estonia

• Paldiski – 2 PWR naval training reactors (dismantled)

Finland

Main article: Nuclear power in Finland

• FiR 1 – TRIGA Mark II, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo (installed 1962, decommissioned 2015)

France

Main article: Nuclear power in France

Shut down:

• Zoé (EL1), the first French nuclear reactor (1948)
• Eau lourde n°2 (EL2)
• Aquilon
• Eau lourde n°3 (EL3)
• Rubéole
• Mélusine
• Proserpine
• PEG
• Alizé
• Minerve
• Triton
• Néréide
• Marius
• Ulysse
• Peggy
• Rachel
• Siloé
• Pégase
• Siloette
• Prototype à terre (PAT)
• Cesar
• Marius
• Harmonie
• Osiris
• Réacteur universitaire de Strasbourg (RUS)
• Rhapsodie
• Eau lourde n°4 (EL4)
• Celestin I
• Celestin II
• Prospero
• Caliban
• Phénix
• Silène
• Chaufferie avancée prototype (Cap)
• Phébus
• Réacteur nouvelle génération (RNG)

Working:

• Azur at Cadarache
• Cabri at Cadarache
• Eole at Cadarache
• Isis at Saclay Nuclear Research Centre
• Masurca at Cadarache
• Réacteur à Haut Flux (RHF) at Institut Laue-Langevin, currently the world's most intense source of neutrons and the source of the most intense neutron flux
• Minerve at Cadarache
• Orphée at Saclay Nuclear Research Centre

Germany

Main article: Nuclear power in Germany

• AKR II – Ausbildungskernreaktor II, Technische Universität Dresden; rating: 2 W, commissioned 2005
• AVR – Arbeitsgemeinschaft Versuchsreaktor, Forschungszentrum Jülich; rating: 15 MW, commissioned 1969; closed 1988
• BER II – Berliner-Experimentier-Reaktor II, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie; rating: 10 MW, commissioned 1990
• FRG-1 (see GKSS Research Center) – Geesthacht; rating: 5 MW, commissioned 1958
• FRM II – Technische Universität München; rating: 20 MW, commissioned 2004
• FRMZ – TRIGA of the University of Mainz, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry; continuous rating: 0.10 MW, pulse rating for 30ms: 250 MW; commissioned 1965
• FR2 - Forschungsreaktor 2; rating: 44 MW; commissioned 1957; closed: 1981

Planned

• Wyhl, planned nuclear plant that was never built because of long-time resistance by the local population and environmentalists.

Greece

Main article: Nuclear energy in Greece

• (Temporary shutdown) GRR-1 – 5 MW research reactor at Demokritos National Centre for Scientific Research, Athens.[21][22]

Hungary

Main article: Nuclear energy in Hungary

• Budapest
  • Technical University of Budapest (BME) Institute of Nuclear Techniques – University Research Reactor (100 kW)
  • KFKI Atomic Energy Research Institute (see KFKI) – (10 MW VVR-SM Budapest Research Reactor)

India

Main article: Nuclear power in India

• Bhabha Atomic Research Center (BARC) – Trombay
  • Apsara reactor – Asia's first nuclear reactor. 1 MW, pool type, light water moderated, enriched uranium fuel supplied by France
  • CIRUS reactor – 40 MW, supplied by Canada, heavy water moderated, uses natural uranium fuel
  • Dhruva reactor – 100 MW, heavy water moderated, uses natural uranium fuel
  • Purnima series
• Indira Gandhi Center for Atomic Research (IGCAR) – Kalpakkam
  • PFBR – 500MWe Sodium cooled fast breeder nuclear reactor, under construction. Expected completion 2015.
  • FBTR – 40 MW Fast Breeder Test Reactor, uses mixed (plutonium and uranium) carbide fuel
  • KAMINI –30 kW, uses U-233 fuel

Indonesia

Main article: Nuclear power in Indonesia

• Bandung – TRIGA Mark II (250 kW installed 1965, 2MW installed 1997)
• Yogyakarta – TRIGA Mark II (100 kW installed 1979)
• Serpong, South Tangerang – SIWABESSY 30MWh Multi-Purpose Reactor (installed 1987)

Iran

Main article: Nuclear program of Iran

• Tehran – AMF reactor at Tehran Nuclear Research Center (supplied by USA, 1967)
• Isfahan, Nuclear Technology Center (mainly supplied by China,[23])
  • MNSR – 27 kW Miniature Neutron Source Reactor
  • Light Water Subcritical Reactor (LWSCR)
  • Heavy Water Zero Power Reactor (HWZPR)
  • Graphite Subcritical Reactor (GSCR)
• Arak – IR-40 Heavy water-moderated reactor (under construction, planned commissioning 2014)

Iraq

• IRT-5000 5 MW Destroyed in Operation Desert Storm and Operation Iraqi Liberation (Supplied by The Soviet Union.[24])
• Tamuz-1 40 MW thermal tank-pool research reactor(OSIRIS reactor). Destroyed in Operation Scorch Sword and Operation Opera (Supplied, fueled and serviced by France.[24])
• Tamuz-2 500 KW ISIS neutron modelling module. Destroyed in Operation Desert Storm and Operation Iraqi Liberation (Supplied, fueled and serviced by France.[24])

Tamuz-1 and Tamuz-2 are parts of the same French nuclear research complex design, the OSIRIS research complex. All three reactors were located at the same site.[25] [26]

Israel

Main article: Nuclear energy in Israel

• Negev Nuclear Research Center – EL-102 uranium/heavy water research reactor, originally 24 MW (supplied by France, operational 1962, not under IAEA safeguards)
• Soreq Nuclear Research Center – 5 MW light water research reactor (supplied by USA, operational 1960)

Italy

See also: Nuclear power in Italy

• Brasimone (Bologna) – PEC (Prove Esperimenti Combustibile - Fuel Test Experiments): ENEA Ente Nazionale Energia Atomica - National Atomic Energy Agency - Brasimone Research Center (1972–1987)[27]
• Ispra (Varese) – ISPRA-1 (5 MW): European Commission Joint Research Centre (1959–1973)[28][29][30][31]
• Ispra (Varese) – ECO (Essai Critique ORGEL, 1 kW): European Commission Joint Research Centre (1966–1983)[28][30][32][31]
• Ispra (Varese) – ESSOR (ESSai ORrganique eau lourde, 25MW): European Commission Joint Research Centre (1967–1983)[28][33][31]
• Legnaro (Padova) - RTS-1: INFN Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare - National Institute for Nuclear Physic (1963–1980)[34]
• Milano - L-54 (50 kW): CeSNEF Centro Studi Nucleari "Enrico Fermi" - Politecnico di Milano (1957–1979)[35]
• Montecuccolino (Bologna) - RB-1 (zero-power reactor): University of Bologna (1962–1985)[36]
• Montecuccolino (Bologna) - RB-2 (1 kW): University of Bologna (1964–1985)
• Montecuccolino (Bologna) - RB-3 - Aquilone 11 (1 kW): University of Bologna (1971–1989)
• Pavia – TRIGA LENA (TRIGA Mk.II model, 250 kW): University of Pavia (1965 - operational)[37]
• Palermo - AGN-201 "Costanza" (zero-power reactor): University of Palermo (1960 – operational)[38]
• Saluggia (Vercelli) - AVOGADRO RS-1 ("Swimming Pool" model): FIAT/Montecatini (1959–1971)[39]
• San Piero a Grado (Pisa) – RTS-1 "Galileo Galilei" ("Swimming Pool" model, 5MW): CAMEN Centro Applicazioni Militari Energia Nucleare - Center for Military Applications of Nuclear Energy (1963–1980)[40]
• Santa Maria di Galeria (Roma) – ROSPO-2 (2 kW): ENEA Ente Nazionale Energia Atomica - Casaccia Research Center (1960–1975)[41]
• Santa Maria di Galeria (Roma) – TRIGA RC-1 (modified TRIGA Mk.II model, 1MW): ENEA Ente Nazionale Energia Atomica - Casaccia Research Center (1960–1987, reactivated 2010)[42]
• Santa Maria di Galeria (Roma) – RC-4 RITMO (0.01 kW): ENEA Ente Nazionale Energia Atomica - Casaccia Research Center (1965–1978)[43]
• Santa Maria di Galeria (Roma) – RANA (10 kW): ENEA Ente Nazionale Energia Atomica - Casaccia Research Center (1965–1981)[44]
• Santa Maria di Galeria (Roma) – TAPIRO (modified Argonne Fast Source Reactor model, 5 kW): ENEA Ente Nazionale Energia Atomica - Casaccia Research Center (1971–1987, reactivated 2010)[45]

Jamaica

• SLOWPOKE-2 reactor – Kingston, Jamaica

Japan

See also: Nuclear power in Japan

• Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA) Reactors
  • Tōkai JRR-1 (Japan Research Unit No. 1, shut down)
  • Tōkai JRR-2 (shut down)
  • Tōkai JRR-3
  • Tōkai JRR-4
  • Tōkai JPDR (Japan Power Demonstration Reactor, shut down)
  • Ōarai High-temperature engineering test reactor (HTTR)
  • Ōarai JMTR (Japan Materials Testing Reactor)
  • Naka JT-60 fusion reactor
  • Nuclear Safety Research Reactor
  • Fugen (ATR (Advanced Thermal Reactor), shut down)
  • Jōyō (FBR)
  • Monju (FBR)
• Kinki University
  • UTR-KINKI
• Kyoto University
  • KUR
• Musashi Institute of Technology (Tokyo City University)
  • MITRR (TRIGA-II) (shut down 1990)
• Rikkyo University
  • RUR (TRIGA-II) (shut down)
• University of Tokyo
  • Yayoi (shut down)

Jordan

Main article: Nuclear energy in Jordan

• Jordan University of Science and Technology (JUST) – Ar Ramtha
  • Jordan Research and Training Reactor (JRTR) – Jordan's first nuclear reactor, 5 MW research reactor, supplied by South Korea, first critical 2015, operational 2016.[46]

Kazakhstan

Main article: Nuclear energy in Kazakhstan

• Alatau, Institute of Nuclear Physics of the National Nuclear Center
  • VVR-K – 10 MWe reactor
• Kurchatov, National Nuclear Center, Semipalatinsk Test Site
  • IVG-1M – 60 MW reactor
  • RA – zirconium hydride moderated reactor (dismantled)
  • IGR (Impulse Graphite Reactor) – 50 MW reactor

Latvia

• Salaspils, Nuclear Research Center
  • 5 MWe research reactor (shut down)

Libya

• Tajura Nuclear Research Center, REWDRC (see ) – 10 MW research reactor (supplied by the USSR)

Malaysia

Main article: Nuclear energy in Malaysia

• Kuala Lumpur - TRIGA Mark II, Malaysian Institute of Nuclear Technology Research (installed 1982)

Mexico

• Mexico City - TRIGA Mark III, National Institute for Nuclear Research
• Mexico City - National Polytechnic Institute - "Nuclear-Chicago Modelo 9000" subcritical research reactor[47][48]
• Zacatecas - Autonomous University of Zacatecas - Subcritical research reactor[47]

Morocco

• Rabat - TRIGA (under construction)

Netherlands

Main article: Nuclear energy in the Netherlands

• Reactor Institute Delft, part of Delft University of Technology
• Petten nuclear reactor in Petten
• Biologische Agrarische Reactor Nederland, part of Wageningen University, shut down in 1980
• ATHENE nuclear reactor, at the Eindhoven University of Technology, shut down
• KEMA Suspensie Test Reactor, test reactor at KEMA, Arnhem, disassembled 2003

North Korea

Further information: Nuclear power in North Korea

• Yongbyon
  • IRT-2000 - 8 MW (2 MW 1965-1974, 4 MW 1974-1986) heavy-water moderated research reactor (supplied by USSR, 1965)
  • Yongbyon 1 - 5 MWe Magnox reactor, provides power and district heating (active 1987-1994, reactivated 2003, and shut-down in July 2007)

Norway

Main article: Nuclear energy in Norway

• Kjeller reactors
  • NORA (activated 1961, shut down 1967)
  • JEEP I (activated 1951, shut down 1967)
  • JEEP II (activated 1966, scheduled to temporarily shut down in December 2016, unknown what year it will reopen)[49]
• Halden Reactor
  • HBWR - Halden boiling water reactor (activated 1959)

Pakistan

Main article: Nuclear power in Pakistan

Under IAEA safeguards

Reactor	Type	MW	Location	Status
PARR I	Pool-type reactor	10	Islamabad	Operational since 1965
PARR II	Pool-type reactor	30 kW	Islamabad	Operational since 1974

Not under IAEA safeguards

Reactor	Type	MW	Location	Status
Khushab-I	HWR	Classified. Estimated: 50-70	Khushab	Operational since 1998
Khushab-II	HWR	Classified	Khushab	Operational since 2010
Khushab-III	HWR	Classified	Khushab	Under construction
Khushab-IV	HWR	Classified	Khushab	Under construction[50]

Panama

• USS Sturgis - floating nuclear power plant for Panama Canal (operating 1966 to 1976)

Peru

• RP-0 - 1 W critical assembly, located in Lima, built by Argentine INVAP. First criticality in 1978.[51]
• RP-10 - 10 MW pool-type material test reactor, located in Huarangal built by Argentine INVAP. First criticality in 1989.[52]

Philippines

• PRR-1 - 3 MW TRIGA-converted reactor, Quezon City. Managed by the Philippine Nuclear Research Institute (formerly Philippine Atomic Energy Commission). 1st criticality in August 1963, reactor conversion in March 1984, criticality after conversion in April 1988, shut down since 1988 for pool repairs, on extended shutdown at present.

Poland

Main article: Nuclear energy in Poland

• Ewa reactor - 10 MW VVR-SM research reactor (dismantled in 1995)
• Maria reactor - 30 MW research reactor
• Anna reactor - 10 kW research reactor (dismantled)
• Agata reactor - 10 W zero-power research reactor (dismantled)
• Maryla reactor - 100 W zero-power research reactor (dismantled)
• UR-100 reactor - 100 kW training reactor (dismantled)

Portugal

Main article: Nuclear energy in Portugal

• Sacavem - RPI, Portuguese Research Reactor - 1 MW pool type, Instituto Tecnológico e Nuclear

Puerto Rico

• Mayagüez - TRIGA reactor (dismantled)
• Boiling Nuclear Superheater (BONUS) Reactor Facility, BONUS - superheated BWR (decommissioned). Listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places.

Romania

• Institute for Nuclear Research, Mioveni, 110 km northwest of Bucharest - TRIGA reactor (capable consisting of either a 500 kW pulse ACPR core, or a 14 MW steady state core)
• National Institute for Research and Isotopic Separation, Govora, 170 km west of Bucharest - no research reactors, but instead devoted to heavy water production
• National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, IFIN-HH, Mǎgurele, 5 km southwest of Bucharest - a 2 MW VVR-S research reactor (shut down in April 2002, with decommissioning/dismantling started in 2013)

Russia

Main article: Nuclear power in Russia

A total of 98 nuclear research facilities, including:[53]

• T-15 fusion reactor at Kurchatov Institute
• VVR-M 18 MW reactor at St. Petersburg Institute of Nuclear Physics

Serbia

• Vinca Nuclear Institute, Vinča
  • RA - Reaktor A (1956–2002) - 6.5 MW heavy water moderated and cooled research reactor
  • RB - Reaktor B (1958-...) - At the very beginning the RB reactor was designed and constructed as an unreflected zero power heavy water - natural uranium critical assembly. First criticality was reached in April 1958. Later, the 2% enriched metal uranium fuel and 80% enriched UO2 fuel were obtained and used in the reactor core. Modifications of the reactor control, safety and dosimetry systems (1960, 1976, 1988) converted the RB critical assembly to a flexible heavy water reflected experimental reactor with 1 W nominal power, operable up to 50 W. Several coupled fast-thermal systems were designed and constructed at RB reactor in the early 1990s, for research in fast reactors physics.

Slovenia

Main article: Nuclear energy in Slovenia

• Ljubljana - 250 kW[54] TRIGA Mark II research reactor (web page link), Jožef Stefan Institute (supplied in 1966 by the United States)

Name	Unit No.	Reactor		Status	Capacity in MW		Construction start	Commercial operation	Closure
		Type	Model		Net	Gross
Jožef Stefan Institute	1	Pool-type reactor	General Atomics TRIGA Mark II	Operational		0.25		31 May 1966 14:15	2026

South Africa

Main article: Nuclear energy in South Africa

• Pelindaba - Pelindaba Nuclear Research Center near Pretoria 25°48′03″S 27°56′54″E
  • SAFARI-1 20MW open pool reactor

South Korea

Main article: Nuclear power in South Korea

• Aerojet General Nucleonics Model 201 Research reactor
• High-Flux Advanced Neutron Application Reactor, MAPLE class reactor
• TRIGA General Atomics Mark II (TRIGA-Mark II) Research Reactor (decommissioned)
• TRIGA General Atomics Mark III (TRIGA-Mark III) Research Reactor (decommissioned)

Spain

Main article: Nuclear power in Spain

• Argos 10 kW Argonaut reactor - Polytechnic University of Catalonia, Barcelona (shut down 1992)
• CORAL-I reactor

Sweden

Main article: Nuclear power in Sweden

Name	Location	Description	Power	Operational	Current status
R1	KTH, Stockholm	Research	1 MW	1954–1970	dismantled
R2	Studsvik	Research, production of isotopes for industry	50 MW	1960–2005	shut down
R2-0	Studsvik	Research, production of isotopes for industry	1 MW	1960–2005	shut down
Ågestaverket (R3)	Farsta, Stockholm	District heating	80 MW	1963–1973	shut down
R4	Marviken, Norrköping	Research, plutonium production	—	never completed	abandoned in 1970
FR-0	Studsvik	Research, zero-power fast reactor	low	1964–1971	dismantled

Switzerland

Main article: Nuclear power in Switzerland

• SAPHIR - Pool reactor. First criticality: 30 April 1957. Shut down 1993. Paul Scherrer Institut
• DIORIT - HW cooled and moderated. First criticality: 15 April 1960. Shut down 1977. Paul Scherrer Institut
• Proteus - Null-power reconfigurable reactor (graphite moderator/reflector). Shut down 2012. Paul Scherrer Institut
• Lucens - Prototype power reactor (GCHWR) 30 MWh/6 MWe. Shut down in 1969 after accident. Site decommissioned.
• CROCUS - Null-power light water reactor. In operation. École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne

Syria

• Miniature neutron source reactor

Taiwan

Main article: Nuclear power in Taiwan

• Hsinchu - TRIGA, National Tsing Hua University (installed 1958)[55]

Thailand

• Thai Research Reactor 1/Modification 1 (TRR-1/M1) Thailand Institute of Nuclear Technology (TINT) Bangkok - TRIGA Mark III (installed 1962, modified 1975-77)
• TRIGA MPR 10, Ongkharak Nuclear Research Center (under construction)

Turkey

Main article: Nuclear energy in Turkey

• TR-1 Research Reactor (Turkish Atomic Energy Authority)
• TR-2 Research Reactor (Turkish Atomic Energy Authority)
• TRIGA MARK II Research Reactor (Istanbul Technical University) Institute of Energy

Fuel pilot plants

• TRD Fuel Pilot Plant (Turkish Atomic Energy Authority)

Ukraine

Main article: Nuclear power in Ukraine

• Kiev Institute for Nuclear Research
• Sevastopol Institute of Nuclear Energy and Industry

United Kingdom

Main article: Nuclear power in the United Kingdom

• Aldermaston - VIPER - Atomic Weapons Establishment
• Ascot - CONSORT reactor, Imperial College London, Silwood Park campus
• Billingham - TRIGA Mark I reactor, ICI Physics and Radioisotopes Dept of ICI R&D, Billingham (later to become Tracerco) (installed 1971, shut down 1988)
• Culham - JET fusion reactor
• Derby - Neptune - Rolls-Royce Marine Power Operations Ltd, Raynesway
• Dounreay
  • The Shore Test Facility (STF) at VULCAN (Rolls-Royce Naval Marine)
  • DSMP1 at VULCAN (Rolls-Royce Naval Marine) (shut down 1984)
  • DMTR
  • Dounreay Fast Reactor - Fast breeder reactor (shut down 1994)
  • Prototype Fast Reactor
• East Kilbride - Scottish Universities Research and Reactor Centre (100 kW Argonaut class reactor deactivated 1995, fully dismantled 2003)
• Harwell AERE
  • GLEEP (shut down 1990)
  • BEPO (shut down 1968)
  • LIDO (shut down 1974)
  • DIDO (shut down 1990)
  • PLUTO (shut down 1990)
• London
  • Greenwich - JASON 10 kW Argonaut class reactor (dismantled 1999)
  • Stratford Marsh - Queen Mary College (commissioned 1966, deactivated 1982, (fully dismantled))
• Risley - Universities Research Reactor (shut down 1991 decommissioned-land released 1996)
• Sellafield (named Windscale until 1971)
  • PILE 1 (shut down 1957 after Windscale fire)
  • PILE 2 (shut down 1957)
  • WAGR (shut down 1982)
• Winfrith - Dorchester, Dorset, 9 reactors, shut down 1990
  • Dragon reactor

United States

Main article: Nuclear power in the United States

See also: List of cancelled nuclear reactors in the United States

Plutonium production reactors

• Hanford Site, Washington
  • B-Reactor (Pile) - Preserved as a museum
  • F-Reactor (Pile) - Cocooned
  • D-Reactor (Pile) - Cocooned
  • H-Reactor (Pile) - Cocooned[56]
  • DR-Reactor (Pile) - Cocooned
  • C-Reactor (Pile) - Cocooned
  • KE-Reactor (Pile) - Being cocooned
  • KW-Reactor (Pile) - Being cocooned
  • N-Reactor - Cocooned[57]
• Savannah River Site, South Carolina
  • R-Reactor (Heavy Water) - S&M (Surveillance and Maintenance) mode
  • P-Reactor (Heavy Water) - S&M mode
  • L-Reactor (Heavy Water) - S&M mode
  • K-Reactor (Heavy Water) - S&M mode
  • C-Reactor (Heavy Water) - S&M mode

Army Nuclear Power Program

Main article: Army Nuclear Power Program

• SM-1
• SM-1A
• PM-2A
• PM-1
• PM-3A
• MH-1A
• SL-1
• ML-1

United States Naval reactors

• Knolls Atomic Power Laboratory
  • Prototype S8G Reactor
  • MARF prototype reactor
  • D1G prototype (decommissioned)
  • S3G prototype (decommissioned), Ballston Spa, New York
• Nuclear Power Training Unit, Charleston, South Carolina
• USS Daniel Webster (SSBN 626)
• USS Sam Rayburn (SSBN 635)

Main article: List of United States Naval reactors

Research reactors

• Arkansas-Southwest Experimental Fast Oxide Reactor, Arkansas
  • SEFOR - Shut down
• Argonne National Laboratory, Illinois (and Idaho)
  • ALPR; see also SL-1/ALPR - Facility was turned over to the U.S. Army (1958), was destroyed in an accident (1961)[58]
  • AFSR - Shut down[59]
  • BORAX-I - intentionally exploded[60]
  • BORAX-II - Shut down[61]
  • BORAX-III - Shut down[62]
  • BORAX-IV - Shut down[63]
  • BORAX-V - Shut down (1964)[64]
  • CP-1 - Chicago Pile 1 (Relocated and renamed as Chicago Pile 2 in 1943) - Shut down,[65][66]
  • CP-3 - Chicago Pile 3 - Shut down[67]
  • CP-5 - Chicago Pile 5 - Shut down (1979)[68]
  • EBR-I - Experimental Breeder Reactor I (originally CP-4) - Shut down[69]
  • EBR-II - Experimental Breeder Reactor II - Shut down[70]
  • EBWR - Experimental Boiling Water Reactor - Shut down[71]
  • LMFBR - Liquid Metal Fast Breeder Reactor - Shut down
  • JANUS reactor - Shut down (1992)[72]
  • JUGGERNAUT - Shut down[73]
  • IFR - Integral Fast Reactor - Never operated[74][75]
  • MTR - Shut down[76]
  • SL-1/ALPR - Stationary Low Power Plant - Shut down[58]
  • S1W/STR - Shut down[77]
  • Transient Reactor Test Facility (TREAT) - Currently shut down, restart activities have begun.[78]
  • ZPPR - Zero Power Physics Reactor (formerly Zero Power Plutonium Reactor) - Standby,[79][80]
  • ZPR-III - Shut down[81]
  • ZPR-6 - Shut down in 1982[82]
  • ZPR-7 - Shut down[83]
  • ZPR-9 - Shut down in 1981[84]
• Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York
  • High Flux Beam Reactor - Shut down (1999)
  • Medical Research Reactor - Shut down (2000)
  • Brookhaven Graphite Research Reactor - Shut down (1968)
• Hanford Site, Washington
  • Fast Flux Test Facility - Core drilled
• Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho (these reactors were due to a number of US government contractors at the National Reactor Testing Station, and the reactors or their sites were taken over by INL when it was created in 2005)[85]
  • ARMF-I - Shut down
  • AMRF-II - Shut down
  • ATR - Operating
  • ATRC - Operating
  • CRCE - Shut down
  • CFRMF - Shut down
  • CET - Shut down
  • Experimental Test Reactor - Shut down
  • ETRC - Shut down
  • EBOR - Never operated
  • ECOR - Never operated
  • 710 - Shut down
  • GCRE - Gas Cooled Reactor Experiment - shut down
  • HTRE-1 - Heat Transfer Reactor Experiment 1 - shut down
  • HTRE-2 - Heat Transfer Reactor Experiment 2 - shut down
  • HTRE-3 - Heat Transfer Reactor Experiment 3 - shut down
  • 603-A - Shut down
  • HOTCE - Shut down
  • A1W-A - Shut down
  • A1W-B - Shut down
  • LOFT - Shut down
  • ML-1 - Mobil Low Power Plant - shut down
  • S5G - Shut down
  • NRAD - Operating
  • FRAN - Shut down
  • OMRE - Shut down
  • PBF - Shut down
  • RMF - Shut down
  • SUSIE - Operating
  • SPERT-I - Shut down
  • SPERT-II - Shut down
  • SPERT-III - Shut down
  • SPERT-IV - Shut down
  • SCRCE - Shut down
  • SNAPTRAN-1 - Shut down
  • SNAPTRAN-2 - Shut down
  • SNAPTRAN-3 - Shut down
  • THRITS - Shut down
• Los Alamos National Laboratory, New Mexico
  • UHTREX - Shut down
  • Omega West - Shut down
  • Clementine - Shut down
• Nevada Test Site, Nevada
  • BREN Tower
  • Demonstration Using Flattop Fission (DUFF) - Operated 2012-2012
• Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Tennessee
  • X-10 Graphite Reactor - Shut down, operated 1943-1963
  • Homogeneous Reactor Experiment (HRE) - Shut down, operated 1952-1954
  • Homogeneous Reactor Test (HRT) - Shut down, operated 1957-1961
  • Aircraft Reactor Experiment (ARE) - Shut down, operated 1954-1955
  • Molten Salt Reactor Experiment (MSRE) - Shut down, operated 1965-1969
  • Health Physics Research Reactor (HPRR) - Shut down, operated 1963-1987
  • Low-Intensity Test Reactor (LITR)- Shut down, operated 1950-1968
  • Bulk Shielding Reactor (BSR) - Shut down, operated 1950-1987
  • Geneva Conference Reactor - Shut down, operated 1955
  • Tower Shielding Reactor-I (TSR-I) - Shut down, operated 1954-1958
  • Tower Shielding Reactor-II (TSR-II) - Shut down, operated 1958-1982
  • Oak Ridge Research Reactor (ORR) - Shut down, operated 1958-1987
  • High Flux Isotope Reactor - Operating, started 1965
  • Pool Critical Assembly - Shut down, operated 1958 - 1987
  • Experimental Gas Cooled Reactor (EGCR) - Constructed, but never operated (project canceled in 1966)
• Savannah River Site, South Carolina
  • HWCTR - Heavy Water Components Test Reactor - Partial decommissioning
• Santa Susana Field Laboratory, Simi Hills California
  • Sodium Reactor Experiment (Accident 1959, closed 1964)
  • SNAP-10A (Shut down 1965, presently orbiting)

Civilian research and test reactors licensed to operate

Operator	Location	Reactor	Power	Operational
Aerotest Operations Inc.	San Ramon, California	TRIGA Mark I	250 kW	1965 -
Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute	Bethesda, Maryland	TRIGA Mark F	1 MW	1962 -
Brigham Young University	Provo, Utah	Atomics International L77	10 W	1967-1992[86]
Colorado State University	Fort Collins, CO	AGN-201 #109	100 mW	1957[87] - 1976[88]
Dow Chemical Company	Midland, Michigan	TRIGA Mark I	300 kW	1967 -
General Electric Company	Sunol, California	Nuclear Test	100 kW	1957 -
Idaho State University	Pocatello, Idaho	AGN-201 #103	5 W	1967 -
Iowa State University	Ames, Iowa	experimental, instructional	3 kW	1959-1998[89]
Kansas State University	Manhattan, Kansas	TRIGA Mark II	1250 kW	1962 -
Kodak[90][91]	Rochester, New York	Californium Neutron Flux Multiplier	5.8 W	1975 - 2006
Massachusetts Institute of Technology	Cambridge, Massachusetts	Tank Type HWR Reflected (MITR-II)	6.0 MW	1958 -
Missouri University of Science and Technology	Rolla, Missouri	Pool (MSTR)	200 kW	1961 -
National Institute of Standards and Technology	Gaithersburg, Maryland	Tank Type, Heavy Water Moderated	20 MW	1967 -
North Carolina State University	Raleigh, North Carolina	Pulstar	1 MW	1973 -
Ohio State University	Columbus, Ohio	Pool (modified Lockheed)	500 kW	1961 -
Oregon State University	Corvallis, Oregon	TRIGA Mark II (OSTR)	1.1 MW	1967 -
Penn State University	University Park, Pennsylvania	TRIGA BNR Reactor	1.1 MW	1955 -
Purdue University	West Lafayette, Indiana	Lockheed (PUR-1)	1 kW	1962 -
Reed College	Portland, Oregon	TRIGA Mark I (RRR)	250 kW	1968 -
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute	Schenectady, New York	Reactor Critical Facility[92][93]	15 W	1965-
Rhode Island Atomic Energy Commission/University of Rhode Island	Narragansett, Rhode Island	GE Pool	2 MW	1964 -
Texas A&M University	College Station, TX	AGN-201M #106 - TRIGA Mark I (two reactors)	5 W, 1 MW	1957 - , 1962 -
University of Arizona	Tucson, AZ	TRIGA Mark I	110 kW	1958–2010
University of California-Davis	Sacramento, California	TRIGA Mark II, McClellan Nuclear Radiation Center	2.3 MW	13 August 1998 -
University of California, Irvine	Irvine, California	TRIGA Mark I	250 kW	1969 -
University of Florida	Gainesville, Florida	Argonaut (UFTR)	100 kW	1959 -
University of Maryland, College Park	College Park, Maryland	TRIGA Mark I	250 kW	1960 -
University of Massachusetts Lowell	Lowell, Massachusetts	Pool (UMLRR)	1 MW	1975 -
University of Missouri	Columbia, Missouri	General Electric tank type UMRR	10.0 MW	1966 -
University of New Mexico	Albuquerque, New Mexico	AGN-201M #112	5 W	1966 -
University of Texas at Austin	Austin, Texas	TRIGA Mark II	1.1 MW	1992 -
University of Utah	Salt Lake City, Utah	TRIGA Mark I	100 kW	1975 -
University of Wisconsin–Madison	Madison, Wisconsin	TRIGA Mark I	1 MW	1961 -
U.S. Geological Survey	Denver, Colorado	TRIGA Mark I	1 MW	1969 -
U.S. Veterans Administration	Omaha, Nebraska	TRIGA Mark I	20 kW	1959–2001
Washington State University	Pullman, Washington	TRIGA Conversion (WSUR)	1 MW	7 March 1961 -

Under decommission orders or license amendments

(These research and test reactors are authorized to decontaminate and dismantle their facility to prepare for final survey and license termination.)

• General Atomics, San Diego, California (two reactors)
• National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Sandusky, Ohio (two reactors)
• University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
• University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan

With possession-only licenses

(These research and test reactors are not authorized to operate the reactor, only to possess the nuclear material on-hand. They are permanently shut down.)

• General Electric Company, Sunol, California (two research and test reactors, one power reactor)
• Nuclear Ship Savannah, James River Reserve Fleet, Virginia (one power reactor)
• University at Buffalo (In use until 1994)
• U.S. Veterans Administration, Omaha, NE
• Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA

External links

• DoE list
• ICJT list—includes the defunct

Uruguay

Main article: Nuclear energy in Uruguay

• URR reactor - A small pool-type research reactor placed in Centro de Investigaciones Nucleares (CIN). In operation since the early 1970s up until 1997 when it was dismantled and returned to United States[94][95] due to a 1997 law against use of nuclear energy in Uruguay.[96]

Uzbekistan

• Ulugbek, Tashkent- WWR-SM tank reactor[97]

Venezuela

Main article: Nuclear energy in Venezuela

• RV-1 nuclear reactor - 3MW pool-type reactor at Venezuelan Institute for Scientific Research (IVIC) (criticality in 1960, shut down in 1994)

Vietnam

Main article: Nuclear energy in Vietnam

• Da Lat - TRIGA Mark II (supplied by USA 1963, shut down 1975, reactivated by USSR 1984)

See also

• Integrated Nuclear Fuel Cycle Information System
• List of nuclear reactors
• List of nuclear power stations
• List of small modular reactor designs
• Lists of nuclear disasters and radioactive incidents
• Nuclear power by country

Notes and references

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5. OPAL
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7. SCK•CEN. "Belgian Reactor 2 - BR2". Retrieved 25 March 2018.
8. SCK•CEN. "Belgian Reactor 3 - BR3". Retrieved 25 March 2018.
9. SCK•CEN. "VENUS - zero-power critical facility". Archived from the original on 21 April 2012. Retrieved 24 May 2012.
10. SCK•CEN. "VENUS reactor: GUINEVERE project". Retrieved 25 March 2018.
11. Publications, U.S.A. International Business; Ibp, Usa (1 September 2013). Global Research Nuclear Reactors Handbook. ISBN 9780739700488. Retrieved 26 April 2012.
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13. SCK•CEN. "Thetis van UGent is eerste gedeclasseerde reactor". Retrieved 25 March 2018.
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38. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/4792898-agn-costanza-reactor-philosophy-automation
39. https://inis.iaea.org/search/search.aspx?orig_q=RN:11528744
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42. http://www.enea.it/it/Ricerca_sviluppo/documenti/nucleare/TRIGABove.pdf
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External links